青海湖斑头雁(Anser indicus)繁殖期的活动性、栖息地利用及其与人的关系  

Movement and habitat utilization of breeding Bar-headed Goose and the relationship with humans in Qinghai Lake

作　　者：刘冬平[1] 张国钢[1] 江红星[1] 单凯[2] 侯韵秋[1] 戴铭[1] 楚国忠[1] 星智 

机构地区：[1]中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [2]黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局,山东东营257000 [3]青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局,青海省西宁810008

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第11期5201-5208,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部攻关资助项目(2004BA519A63)~~

摘　　要：2005年高致病性禽流感爆发,导致青海湖数千只斑头雁和中国其他地区大量家禽死亡。首次应用无线电遥测和颈环标记法对青海湖疫区斑头雁在繁殖期的活动性、栖息地利用及其与人的关系进行了研究。斑头雁主要在蛋岛繁殖,在泉湾、尕日拉、黑马河口、铁卜加河口等地觅食。斑头雁在青海湖的活动区为(309.63±172.72)km2,活动核心区大小为(49.30±19.61)km2。个体在不同阶段的活动区大小无显著差异。不同繁殖阶段间活动区较稳定,平均有超过一半(56.6%±24.9%)的活动点落入上一阶段的活动区中。由于成鸟在繁殖后期带领幼鸟离开繁殖场所,因而繁殖中、后期的活动区稳定性相对较差。斑头雁对河口、沼泽、草地和湖泊的利用率依次减少。随着繁殖季节的推移,斑头雁对河口的利用率逐渐减小,对沼泽的利用率则逐渐增加。对斑头雁与人的关系研究表明,在地点方面,斑头雁在蛋岛、黑马河口和泉湾与人的接触强度最大;在时间方面,5月份斑头雁与人的接触强度最大。在这些时间和地点,加强旅游管理和对牧民的宣传对禽流感防控非常必要。A HPAI （High Pathogenic Avian Influenza） outbreak in 2005 resulted in several thousands Bar-headed Geese dying at Qinghai Lake, China, which draws attention to the need for a better understanding of the species. In this paper, the movements and habitat utilization of breeding Bar-headed Geese and their relationship with human beings in Qinghai Lake were documented through radio tracking and color marking. Bar-headed Geese breed at Dandao and feed at Quanwan, Garila, Heimahe Estuary and Tiebujia Estuary between March and September. Their home range and core area cover （309.63 ± 172.72） km^2 and （49.30±19.6）1km^2, respectively. There is no significant difference of home range size between different periods. Bar-headed goose shows strong site fidelity between different periods, with an average 56.6% ±24.9% tracking points falling within the home range of earlier periods. However, the home range shows major differences between the mid-breeding period and late breeding period, because the parents leave the breeding ground with their offspring in latter. As the breeding season progresses, the geese use the estuary less and the marsh more. The Bar-headed Goose has a higher contact intensity with human-beings and livestock in Dandao, Heimahe and Quanwan and in the month of May, which indicates that enhancing tourism management and public awareness of local people is important.

关 键 词：斑头雁 青海湖 禽流感 活动区 栖息地利用 接触强度 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学] S858.9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]