长江口及邻近海域浮游磷虾类数量和分布的季节特征  

Seasonal abundance and distribution of Pelagic Euphausiids in the Changjiang Estuary,China

作　　者：陈佳杰[1,2] 徐兆礼[1] 朱德弟[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090 [3]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第11期5279-5285,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市科委资助项目(062358101);上海市908专项资助项目(PJ1-1);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目(90511005);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2001CB409707)~~

摘　　要：根据2002～2003年长江口29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～123°30′E海域4个季节的海洋调查,运用定量、定性方法,探讨长江口邻近海域浮游磷虾类总丰度的季节变化特征以及与渔场的关系,丰度的季节差异与水团的关系,分析了优势种的数量变动、对磷虾类的贡献及对环境的适应情况,并与东海外海的生态特征作了比较。结果表明,长江口及邻近海域磷虾类丰度季节变化主要受温度的影响,平面分布变化与盐度有关。平均丰度夏季最高(10.46ind/m3),冬季最低(0.32ind/m3)。本次调查共发现8种,优势种为中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)、太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica)和小型磷虾(Euphausia nana),其中中华假磷虾四季皆为优势种,太平洋磷虾是春、秋和冬季的优势种,小型磷虾仅仅是春秋季的优势种。中华假磷虾在春、夏和冬季对总丰度的贡献率较高,并占绝对优势,其更适应夏季咸淡水交错水域的环境,而太平洋磷虾和小型磷虾更适应东海近海暖温高盐环境。长江冲淡水势力强弱和中华假磷虾的数量对磷虾类时空分布有重要影响,中华假磷虾对咸淡水环境的适应则是影响该种数量变化的另一个重要原因。The pelagic euphausiids of Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters （29°00＇-32°00＇ N and 122°00＇-123 ° 30＇E）, the 3^rd largest estuary in the world located and largest river in China. District, were studied from May 2002 to March 2003. Eight species were recorded but three were dominant species according to their seasonal occurrence; Pseudeuphausia sinica was dominant in the four sampling seasons （0.41, 0.62, 0.50 and 0.30 ） ; dominant species for spring, autumn and winter was Euphausia pacifica （0.03,0.08 and 0.10） while the Euphausia nana was during spring and autumn （0.03 and 0.04）. The months in which each species was abundant are given. P. sinica attained the highest densities with the β values in spring （0.87）, summer （0.99） and winter （0.78） within the littoral waters of the study area. E. pacifica and E. nana preferred a high salinity warm water. The relationship between the pelagic euphausiids and ecological characteristics were likewise considered. The abundance peak in summer （10.46ind/m^3） and lowest abundance in winter （0.32ind/m^3）. These results suggest that seasonal abundance of euphausiids was influenced the seasonal surface temperature while the horizontal distribution was influenced the surface salinity in the waters of the estuary. The ecological characteristics of Changjiang River contributed to the spatial and temporal distribution of pelagic Euphausiids including P. sinica. Physical environmental factors play a major role in determining the abundance and distribution of pelagic Euphausiids and the dynamics of seasonal cycle.

关 键 词：浮游动物 磷虾类 生态特征 长江口 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]