冬小麦冬前旺长及资源损耗现象分析  

Analysis of Prosperous Grow before Winter and Resources Consume Phenomenon

作　　者：郭海英[1,2] 万信[1,3] 杨兴国[1] 黄斌 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]兰州区域气候中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第6期1252-1255,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMA7J2005M22);科技部科研院所社会公益专项(2005DIB3J100);国家重大基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB111507);国家自然基金项目(40205005)

摘　　要：以秋季气温变化对冬小麦冬前发育期及发育期间隔日数的影响为前提,分析了黄土高原最典型区域"董志塬"发生冬小麦冬前旺长现象的气候背景,旺长特征,以及由于旺长引起的资源损耗现象。分析认为秋季气温偏高是冬前旺长的主导因素,但不是决定因素;生长期长、水肥条件好,气象条件适宜是冬小麦冬前旺长的必备条件。尤其10月份气温偏高导致麦田分蘖过多,群体过大是冬前旺长的主要原因,其中水资源无效损耗主要出现在初仲秋,以生态耗水为主,生物量损耗主要发生在仲晚秋分孽期-停止生长期。结论认为虽然由于气候变化和当地传统生产习惯导致多数年份存在冬前旺长现象,造成生物量和水资源的无谓损耗,以冬前生长过剩导致的干物质损耗尤为突出,但冬前旺长现象可以通过适当推迟冬小麦播种期、人为缩短秋季生长期进行有效调控。It is a premise of the influence of temperature change in autumn to winter wheat development period and growth period alternate days before winter in this article, andalyzed the typical region ＂DongZhiyuan＂ in Loess Plateau to occur the winter wheat exuberant grow phenomenon due to climate, exuberant grow characteristic, as well as because exuberant grow caused resources loss phenomenon before winter. The analysis thought higher temperature was the leading factor of exuberant grow before the winter in autumn, but was not the determining factor. The long growth stage, the water and fertilizer condition were good, the suitable meteorological condition was essential condition of wheat winter exuberant grow. Especially in October, the higher temperature caused wheat to tiller more, the community oversized was primary reason for exuberant growth before winter, in which water resources invalid loss mainly appeared in at the beginning and second month of antumn,by the ecology water consumption primarily, the biomass loses mainly occurd in the second and late autumnal tiller period to stop growth period. The conclusion thought that although the climatic change and the local tradition production custom caused the most year existence the phenomenon of exuberant growth before winter, created the biomass and the water resources senseless loss,the dry material lossed outstandingly by the winter, but the phenomenon of exuberant growth before winther could not occur through the suitable postpone of winter wheat sowing time and the artificial reduction autumn growth stage.

关 键 词：冬前旺长 资源 损耗 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]