作物残体去向与利用及对土壤氮素转化的影响  

Fate and Utilization of Crop Residues and Their Effect on Soil Nitrogen Turnover

作　　者：丁雪丽[1,2] 何红波[1] 白震[1,2] 解宏图[1] 李晓波[1,2] 郑立臣 张明[1,4] 张旭东[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,辽宁沈阳110016 [4]辽宁大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第6期1454-1461,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：自然科学基金重点项目(40535028);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-433)

摘　　要：近年来,作物残体还田受到了很大的关注,一方面它可以改进土壤氮素的动态变化,减少硝态氮淋失;另一方面可作为提高耕地土壤作为潜在氮储库的一种手段。作物残体是碳、氮的重要源和库,因此还田后会影响土壤中的氮素循环。本文综述了作物残体还田后对土壤氮素转化的影响及残体氮素的利用与去向问题。具体阐述了以下几个方面内容:作物残体的降解过程及影响因素,残体氮素的利用率及去向问题,以及作物残体对土壤无机氮库、有机氮库、微生物特征的影响。The incorporation of crop residues into soil has received much attention in recent years for sustainable development of agro-ecosystems. First it could improve nitrogen dynamics and prevent nitrate leaching, and second it could serve as means of increasing the potential pool for nitrogen of cultivated soils. Crop residues are primary sources and sinks for C and N, thus return of crop residues to soil could significantly influence N cycling in soils. In this paper, the soil nitrogen transformation dynamics after the incorporation of crop residues into the soil and was reviewed the utilization and fate of residue-N was summarized. The content mainly included three parts ： （1） decomposition dynamics of crop residues and the factors that affects its decomposition, （2） the fate of the residue-N, （3） the effect of crop residues amendment on dynamics of soil inorganic/organic nitrogen pools and on microbial characteristics in soils.

关 键 词：作物残体 氮素转化 影响 利用率 去向 土壤 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]