粗糙元覆盖对土壤风蚀的控制作用  

EFFECT OF ROUGH ELEMENTS ON SOIL EROSION

作　　者：慕青松[1] 廖江海[1] 马崇武[2] 苗天德[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,兰州730000 [2]东莞理工学院机电建筑工程系,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《土壤学报》2008年第6期1026-1033,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(编号:10402012);兰州大学骨干教师学科配套基金资助

摘　　要：应用湍流边界层中粗糙壁面的阻力分解规律研究土壤风蚀中的临界侵蚀风速、输沙率和风蚀率,建立了一个揭示地表粗糙元对土壤风蚀控制作用的理论模型。该模型给出了临界侵蚀风速与盖度之间的指数关系,临界侵蚀风速与农田茬高之间的指数关系,以及反映输沙率(或风蚀率)与盖度(或茬高)、风速之间依赖关系的理论公式。然后应用天然地表风蚀和农田风蚀的多家实验数据,对这些理论公式进行了广泛地检验和评价,发现具有很好的普适性。Based on the rule of wind friction decomposition on the rough wall in the turbulent boundary layer, threshold velocity of soil erosion, sand transport rate and wind erosion rate were studied to explore effect of roughness elements on soil wind erosion, and thus a soil erosion theory was derived, from which some theoretical results were developed that the exponential relation between threshold velocity and coverage, the exponential relation between threshold velocity and stubble height for farmlands after harvesting, and the theoretical formulas of the offect of wind velocity and coverage （or stubble height） on sand transport rate and wind erosion rate. They were applied to and verified in a series of experiments on wind erosion of natural land and farmland, and found to be extensively applicable.

关 键 词：粗糙元 临界侵蚀风速 临界侵蚀盖度 输沙率 风蚀率 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]