长江下游典型地区农田土壤肥力变化--以常熟市为例  

VARIATION OF SOIL FERTILITY OF FARMLANDS IN TYPICAL REGIONS IN THE LOWER-REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER—A CASE STUDY OF CHANGSHU COUNTY

作　　者：胡建利[1,2] 王德建[1] 孙瑞娟[1] 王灿[1] 刘勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所常熟农业生态国家野外研究站,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2008年第6期1087-1094,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(No.2005CB121107);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX2-YW-N-038);江苏省太湖专项(BS2007164)资助

摘　　要：根据2000年和2006年两次在常熟市农田土壤GPS定位采样获得的土壤肥力属性数据，分析该地区在经济高速发展背景下土壤属性的变化情况，并用综合指数法进行了土壤肥力评价。结果表明，土壤pH整体有所下降，土壤有酸化的趋势，有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾含量以及阳离子交换量（CEC）经过6a的耕种后均有增加，其中全氮、全钾和有效磷含量增加达到显著水平。在本次调查取样研究中，全氮增量主要集中在0—0．4gkg^-1，全钾增量主要集中在1～2gkg^-1，有效磷增量主要集中在0—5mgkg^-1。两次调查的土壤综合肥力指标（IFI）均主要分布在优和良好两个等级，2006年土壤综合肥力指标相对于2000年有所增加，土壤整体肥力状况有了一定程度的提高。Changshu County in Jiangsu Province was chosen as a typical region in investigating variation of soil fertility between 2000 and 2006 in the Yangtze River Delta. Two sets of soil chemical property data were compared and the integrated soil fertility index （IFI） method was also used to evaluate soil fertility as a whole. Results show that soil organic matter （ SOM）, tolal nitrogen （TN） , total phosphorus （TP） , total potassium （TK） , CEC, available phosphorus （AP） , available potassium （AK） all increased in the fields after 6 years of cultivation, while pH decreased. Among all the changes, TN, TK and AP increased most significantly. In this study, the increment of TN, TK and AP varied in the range of 0 - 4 g kg ^-1, 1 - 2 g kg ^-1and 0 - 5 mg kg ^-1, respectively. The IFIs obtained in soil surveys of both 2006 and 2000 were mainly scattered in the 2 top grades, excellent and good, and the integrated soil fertility in 2006 displayed an increasing trend as compared to that in 2000, indicating that the soil fertility was improved during the cultivation.

关 键 词：长江三角洲 水稻土 肥力综合评价 土壤酸化 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]