重金属复合污染对水稻土微生物生物量和群落结构的影响  

EFFECTS OF COMPLEX HEAVY METAL POLLUTION ON BIOMASS AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SOIL MICROBES IN PADDY SOIL

作　　者：吴建军[1] 蒋艳梅[1] 吴愉萍[1] 徐建明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,杭州310029

出　　处：《土壤学报》2008年第6期1102-1109,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(No.2005CB121104);浙江省自然科学基金项目(No.Y504128);浙江省重大重点科技项目(No.2006C1207和2005E10004)资助

摘　　要：以浙江富阳小冶炼厂附近水稻土为例,采用氯仿熏蒸法、稀释平板培养法和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术研究了重金属复合污染对水稻土微生物生物量和群落结构的影响。结果表明,自然状态下铜、锌、镉、铅复合污染降低了土壤微生物量。土壤微生物群落结构对重金属复合污染产生了响应,约41.82%的土壤微生物群落结构的改变可由重金属污染来解释。污染程度高的土壤中,含脂肪酸12∶0,i15∶0,i17∶0,18∶0,i16∶0,19∶0相对较高的微生物占优势,而在污染程度低的土壤中,含脂肪酸20∶2ω6,9 c,20∶0,16∶1ω9 c,a15∶0,a16∶0,18∶1ω7,10M e16∶0,10M e19∶0的相对含量较高的微生物占优势。反映在具体类群上,随着污染程度的增加,微生物向着Cm ic/Nm ic低、真菌相对含量增加,放线菌与革兰氏阴性菌含量相对减少的趋势发展。Effects of complex heavy metal pollution on biomass and community structure of soil microbes in paddy soil were studied with the aid of the chloroform fumigation-extraction, diluted agar plate cultivation and phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） techniques, using soil samples collected from paddy fields in the vicinity of a small smeltery in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province. Results show that soil microbial biomass was reduced in paddy fields polluted by Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb together. Soil microbial community structure was also affected by complex pollution and about 41.82% of the change was attributed to the pollution. Soils high in heavy metal pollution were dominated with microbes high in fatty acids of 12： 0, i15：0, i17：0, 18：0, i16：0 and 19： 0, while soils low in heavy metal pollution with microbes high in fatty acids of 20： 2ω6,9c, 20： 0, 16： 1ω9c, a15： 0, a16： 0, 18：1 ω7, 10Me16：0 and 10Me19： 0. With pollution rising in degree, soil microbes decreased in Cmic/Nmic, fungi increased relatively, and the amount of actinomyce and G-bacteria decreased relatively.

关 键 词：重金属 微生物群落 PLFA 水稻土 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]