“两矿”发现前开普殖民地奴隶制生产关系剖析  

Slavery Production Relationship in the Cape Colony before Exploiting "Two Mines"

作　　者：孙红旗[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]徐州师范大学亚非研究所 [2]北京大学

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2008年第12期58-63,共6页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"土地问题与南非政治经济"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从1652年荷兰殖民者踏上好望角的土地到20世纪初,南非是以开普殖民地的名义而存在的。在"两矿"启动南非的工业革命之前,开普殖民地存在着一种独特的奴隶制生产关系。最初是由于缺少从事农业的白人劳动力,本土化了的殖民者阿非利卡人"被迫"间接地从非洲与荷属殖民地的其他地区购买奴隶;随着殖民者向内地扩张和牧业经济成分的相应增加,掠夺科伊桑人和班图黑人为奴成了阿非利卡人合乎逻辑的职业;当然,在此期间,白人,包括英国殖民者的种族主义观念也起到了助纣为虐的作用。这样,尽管没有北美洲那样的大种植园,但嫁接在资本主义市场经济体系上的近代奴隶制同样在南非扎下根,直到19世纪下半叶金刚石和黄金的开采迫使南非的主要劳动力进入矿场。Since the Netherlander Ianded on the Cape of Good Hope,there had existed a kind of special modern slavery in the Cape Colony,until the British found the gold and diamond,as a result,the industrial revolution and the South Africa Commonwealth brought an end to the system.Because of lack of enough laborers and the extension of colony and growth of animal husbandry,Afrikaners grasp Khoisans and Bantus as salves.Of course,the sense of racism from the British incited this profession.Therefore,there were no large scales of plantations like north America,but the modern salve system based on capitalism marketing system took root in Africa,till the second half 19th century,the main laborers were force to transform to work in mines with the exploiting of diamond and gold mines.

关 键 词：南非 开普殖民地 阿非利卡人 奴隶制 生产关系 

分 类 号：K478[历史地理—历史学]