马齿苋提取物对小菜蛾的毒杀和拒食活性的研究  

Study on Contact and Antifeedant Activity of Portulaca oleracea Extracts against Plutella xylostella

作　　者：梁永锋[1] 刘立红[1] 刘世巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范学院化学与化学工程学院,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第31期13753-13755,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]为开发以马齿苋为原料的新型植物性杀虫剂提供线索和理论依据。[方法]采用9种极性不同的溶剂利用冷浸法从马齿苋干粉中制备提取物,测定其对小菜蛾的毒杀和拒食活性。[结果]马齿苋干粉提取物在质量浓度为100 mg/ml时对小菜蛾具有较高的毒杀和拒食活性,处理24 h后,马齿苋甲醇提取物对小菜蛾的毒杀活性最高;处理48 h后,丙酮提取物对小菜蛾的毒杀活性最高。处理后48 h各提取物毒杀活性较24 h均有提高趋势。在质量浓度为25 mg/ml时,以石油醚提取物的拒食率最高,各提取物的拒食活性较质量浓度为100 mg/ml时有下降的趋势。[结论]马齿苋干粉极性大的溶剂提取物对小菜蛾具有较好的毒杀作用,极性小的溶剂提取物对小菜蛾具有较高的拒食活性。[Objective] The aim was to provide the clue and the theoretical basis for developing the new botanical insecticide with the Portulaca oleracea as material.[Method] The extracts were prepared using 9 kinds of solvents with different polarity from P.oleracea dry powder by cold dip method and the contact and antifeedant activity of the extracts against P.xylostella were detected.[Result] P.xylostella dry powder extracts at 100 mg/ml had higher contact and antifeedant activity against P.xylostella.The contact activity of methanol extract from P.xylostella against P.xylostella treated for 24 h was highest and that of acetone extract was highest after the moth was treated for 48 h.The contact activity of each extract was increased after P.xylostella was treated for 48 h compared with that treated for 24 h.When each extract was 25 mg/ml,the antifeedant activity of petroleum ether extract was highest and the antifeedant activity of each extract was decreased compared with that when each extract was 100 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The solvent extracts with big polarity from P.xylostella dry powder had better toxic action against P.xylostella and the solvent extracts with small polarity had higher antifeedant activity against P.xylostella.

关 键 词：马齿苋 提取物 小菜蛾 生物活性 

分 类 号：S481.9[农业科学—农药学]