青年去势及老龄雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型比较及其临床护理意义  

Comparison of the Ovariectomized and Senile Female Rats Model for Osteoporosis

作　　者：张银萍[1] 郭雄[2] 张增铁[2] 耿冬[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院护理系,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学医学院骨病研究室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2008年第23期1-4,共4页

基　　金：陕西省国际合作重点项目(2005KW-13)

摘　　要：目的建立青年去势及老龄雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型,探讨两种雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型骨组织微观结构、骨矿及骨负荷改变情况及潜在机制,为女性骨质疏松的临床护理干预寻找相应的理论依据。方法32只1月龄雌性SpragueDawley(SD)大鼠,同等条件下饲养,饲养至4个月按体重随机分成青年去势及假手术对照组大鼠16只、老龄雌性及对照组大鼠16只,进行去势及老龄骨质疏松造模。比较青年去势组(Ovariectomized rats,8只,OVX组)和老龄骨质疏松组(Senile Female Osteoporotic Rats,8只,SF组)大鼠骨质改变情况。结果OVX组大鼠去卵巢8周出现骨质疏松改变,SF组大鼠22月龄自然衰老出现骨质疏松改变。OVX组骨小梁宽度显著大于SF组(P<0.05);两组模型之间腰椎及股骨密度差异不显著(均P>0.05),但OVX组股骨最大负荷显著高于SF组(P<0.01);OVX组骨钙水平显著高于SF组(P<0.01),但两组血钙水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论4月龄大鼠去卵巢8周以及自然饲养22月龄雌性大鼠可分别作为女性绝经后及老年女性骨质疏松的模型。老龄骨质疏松模型在骨微观结构、骨生物力学特性、骨矿水平含量方面的负性改变更甚于青年去势模型,提示对女性骨质疏松症患者的护理干预措施应侧重于不同年龄阶段及骨代谢特点进行。Objective To comprehend the changes in bone microstucture, bone mineral components and bone load tor osteoporosis, and to explore the underlying mechanism by establishing the young ovariectomized and senile female rat osteoporosis models, so as to provide theoretical basis for nursing interventions for postmenopausal and aged females. Methods Thirty two Sprague Dawley （SD） female rats were fed under the same conditions till 4 months and randomly divided into two parts according to weight： 8 rats in Ovareictomized （OVX） group and 8 in Sham-ovariectomized（Sham OVX） group were used to establish postmenopausal osteoporosis model, and the other 16 rats were equally divided into a senile female （SF） osteoporosis group and a youth control group. Bone measurements such as bone microstructure, bone mineral density （BMD） and maximal load were compared between OVX rats and SF rats. Results Subjects in the OVX group showed osteoporosis 8 weeks after ovariectomy, while rats in the SF group manifested osteoporosis at 22 months. The microstructure of bone trabecular width showed significant difference between the OVX and the SF group （P〈0.05）, while the BMD of lumbar spine and femur had no significant differences. The maximal load and femoral bond calcium level were significantly higher in the OVX rats than those in the SF group （P〈 0.01 for both）, while the serum calcium level showed no significant difference （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Four months old female rats ovariectomized for 8 weeks and the 22-month old female rats fed naturally could serve as postmenopausal osteoporosis model and senile female osteoporosis model respectively. The specific changes in bone microstructure, bone biomechafiical properties and bone minerals of the two models imply that nursing interventions should be emphasized according to different bone me- tabolism.

关 键 词：骨质疏松症 骨密度 大鼠 雌性 骨质疏松模型 去势 老龄 护理 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学] R-332[医药卫生—临床医学]