陕西省部分地区饮水型地方性氟中毒调查  

Investigation on Drinking-water-borne Fluorosis in Some Areas in Shaanxi

作　　者：范中学[1] 刘晓莉[1] 李跃[1] 陈宝群[1] 郑来义[1] 白爱梅[1] 李平安[1] 李晓茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所氟砷病防研室,陕西西安710003

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2008年第11期993-995,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：陕西省卫生厅地病办资助项目(1998-2005-16)

摘　　要：目的掌握陕西省饮水型氟中毒监测点改水工程运行情况及降氟效果,为地方性氟中毒病的防治提供科学依据。方法于1998—2005年4、9月,对吴坡村和巴邑村两监测点8～12周岁所有在校儿童采用Deans'法进行氟斑牙检查。随机抽取8～12周岁儿童各10名,采集50名儿童尿样,按照WS/T89—1996《尿中氟化物的测定离子选择电极法》检测尿氟含量,依据卫生部地方病防治司《地方性氟中毒防治手册》(1991)进行评价。在监测点按东、西、南、北、中随机采集至少5件水样,按照GB/T5750一2006和GB 5750—1985《生活饮用水标准检验方法》中的氟化物离子选择电极法检测水氟含量,依据GB 5749—2006和GB 5749—1985《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价。结果改水后,吴坡村儿童氟斑牙患病率由1998年的66.67%降至2005年的31.79%,氟斑牙指数由1.49降为0.65,巴邑村儿童氟斑牙患病率由1998年的33.15%降至2005年的为13.10%,氟斑牙指数由0.50降为0.24。吴坡村和巴邑村水氟含量和儿童尿氟含量基本稳定。结论本次调查的氟中毒病区改水降氟后病情得到一定程度控制,取得明显防治效果。Objective To master the running conditions of water project and the defluoridation results in monitoring sites of drink-water type fluorosis in Shaanxi Province, to provide a scientific basis of preventing and controlling endemic fluoroisis. Methods Every April and September 1998--2005 children aged 8-12 at school from the two monitoring sites of Wupo and Bayi village received the dental fluorosis examination by using the Deans method. The urine samples of 50 children from 5 age groups who were selected randomly and were grouped in 5 with 10 children each were collected, measured in accordance with WS/T 89-- 1996 Determination of Fluoride in UrinIon Selective Electrode Method, evaluated by Manual of Endemic Fluorosis Control （1991）. At least 5 water samples were collected randomly from five directions （east, west, north, south, center）. The fluoride contents in urine and drinking water were determined with FSIE, in accordance with GB/T 5750-2006 Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water, evaluated by GB 5749--2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Results After changing water, morbidity rate of children dental fluorosis fell from 66.67% in 1998 to 31.79% in 2005 and the dental fluorosis index also fell form 1.49 to 0.65 of Wupo village, morbidity rate of children dental fluorosis fell from 33.15% in 1998 to 13.10% in 2005 and the dental fluorosis index also fell from 0.50 to 0.24 of Bayi village. The fluoride contents in urine of children and the fluoride contents in drinking water were maintained stability. Conclusion After water improvement, the fluorosis has been effectively controlled in a certain degree in the investigated area.

关 键 词：氟中毒 饮水 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]