云南元江上游石羊江河谷绿孔雀不同季节觅食地选择  

Foraging sites selection of green peafowl(Pavo muticus imperator)in different seasons in Shiyangjiang Valley of upper Yuanjiang drainage,Yunnan

作　　者：刘钊[1] 周伟[1] 张仁功 谢以昌 黄庆文 文云燕 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院保护生物学院、云南省高校森林灾害预警和控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]云南省楚雄州自然保护区管理局,楚雄675000 [3]云南省双柏恐龙河自然保护区,双柏675107

出　　处：《生物多样性》2008年第6期539-546,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(“973”计划)(2003CB415100);西南林学院面上科研基金项目(200702M)

摘　　要：我们于2007年3-4月和10-11月在云南元江上游石羊江河谷绿孔雀(Pavo muticus imperator)的分布区内,采用样线法和样方法调查了绿孔雀的觅食生境,测定了21个生态因子。结果表明,春季的觅食地利用样方距小路距离、乔木种类和藤本密度与对照样方存在显著差异,而秋季的则不显著。生态因子比较和逻辑斯谛回归分析结果表明,春、秋季绿孔雀均选择落果多、接近水源、坡度小、乔木的盖度和胸径大的地区作为觅食地。乔木和草本盖度,距小路、居民点和林缘距离等是影响判别春、秋季觅食地选择的关键因子。概率和空间分布分析结果表明,春、秋季绿孔雀在研究区内的概率分布呈明显的斑块状,不同季节觅食活动位点均趋向于聚集分布,分布区存在分离,但有部分重叠。生态因子的主成分分析结果表明,人为干扰对绿孔雀的影响大于安全和食物需求对它们自身的影响。隐蔽条件、食物和水源等关键性生态因子的配置和可获得性决定了绿孔雀的觅食地选择行为,它对觅食地利用的不均匀是由于可利用资源分布不均匀所致,而人为干扰压缩了可利用的适宜生境,降低了利用程度。From March to April and October to November in 2007, we investigated foraging site selection of green peafowl （Pavo muticus imperator） using line transect bird survey and quadrant habitat sampling in Shiyangjiang Valley of upper Yuanjiang drainage in Yunnan Province, China. We measured twenty one habitat and landscape variables at used and random plots. The results suggested that distance to road, tree type, and liana density were different between used and random plots in spring, but were not different in autumn. The logistic regression analysis showed that green peafowl chose locations with abundant fruits, close water resource, gentle slope, higher degree of trees coverage, and larger trees as their foraging sites in both seasons. Foraging sites in spring and autumn could be discriminated by coverage of trees and grasses and distance to road, residential area, and forest edge. The map of distribution probability and spatial analysis indicated that the foraging sites tended to be clumped with partially overlap between spring and autumn. The results from principal component analysis showed that human disturbance affected foraging site selection.

关 键 词：绿孔雀 觅食行为 栖息地选择 空间分布 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]