中国家鸡和红色原鸡mtDNA控制区遗传多态性及系统进化分析  

Investigation on Genetic Diversity and Systematic Evolution in Chinese Domestic Fowls and Red Jungle Fowls by Analyzing the mtDNA Control Region

作　　者：包文斌[1] 束婧婷[1] 王存波[1] 张红霞[1] Steffen Weigend 陈国宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009 [2]德国联邦农业研究中心动物育种研究所,Mariensee 31535

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2008年第11期1449-1459,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA10Z1E7)

摘　　要：通过线粒体DNA控制区的结构和多态性来研究中国家鸡和红色原鸡的遗传多态性与系统进化。测定14个中国地方鸡种和红色原鸡2个亚种的256个个体线粒体DNA控制区部分序列约560bp，结果表明，A、C、G、T这4种核苷酸的平均比例分别为25．∞％、37．40％、4．40％和33．20％。共发现44个变异位点，约占分析位点总数的7．86％，没有观测到插入／缺失，颠换和转换之比为0．13；共具有32种单倍型，9种为共享单倍型；16个群体内单倍型多样度从0到0．964，单倍型变异度总体为0．909±0．014，整体的平均核苷酸差异数为7．276，核苷酸多样度为1．851％。群体间核苷酸分歧度（Dxy）在0．747％～3．125％之间变化，核苷酸净遗传距离（Da）为0．015％～2．633％。16个群体表现出较高水平的遗传多态性，群体间表现出显著的遗传分化。群体遗传多态性和亲缘关系分析表明，一些中国家鸡的群体（如固始鸡和仙居鸡）起源于泰国红色原鸡Gallus gallu sgallus亚种，一些中国家鸡的群体（如茶花鸡和藏鸡等）起源于中国红色原鸡Gallus gallus spadiceus亚种，在一些中国地方鸡种还同时具有这2种红色原鸡的遗传贡献；认为中国家鸡起源于泰国或单纯起源于中国的观点都是不全面的。Investigation of the genetic dive and red jungle fowls was carried out by gion. A 560 bp DNA fragment of control rsity and systematic evolution in Chinese the structure and polymorphism of mtD region of mtDNA from 256 individuals of domestic fowls NA D-loop re- 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds and two red jungle was determined, the percentage of nueleotide A, C, G and T was 25.00%, 37.40%, 4. 40% and 33.20%, respectively. There were 44 polymorphic sites accounting for 7.86 % of total analyzed sites. Only transition and transversion but no insertion/deletion were found in this region, the ratio of transition and transversion in this study was 0.13.32 haplotypes were defined, in which 9 haplotypes were shared among some chicken populations. The diversity of haplotypes was ranged from 0 to 0. 964, the average diversity of haplotypes was 0. 909±0. 014. The average number of nucleotide divergence （K） and average nucleotide diversity （Pi） were 7. 276 and 1. 851%, respectively. Inter-population nucleotide divergence （Dxy） in 16 chicken populations was ranged from 0. 747% to 3. 125%, whereas inter-population net nucleotide divergence （Da） in 16 chicken populations was ranged from 0. 015% to 2. 633%. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of 14 Chinese domestic chicken breeds and two subspecies of red jungle fowl was very abundant and the genetic divergence was significant among populations. Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Chinese domestic fowls and red jungle fowls indicated that some Chinese domestic fowls such as Gushi chickens and Xianju chickens derived from Gallus gallus gallus, other Chinese domestic fowls such as Chahua chickens and Tibetan chickens derived from Gallus gallus spadiceus. The genetic contribution of these two subspecies of red jungle fowl can be detected in some Chinese chicken populations. The results indicated that the Chinese domestic fowls don＇t just derive from red jungle fowl in Thailand or just from red jungle fowl in China.

关 键 词：红色原鸡 家鸡 线粒体DNA控制区 遗传多样性 起源 

分 类 号：Q349.51[生物学—遗传学] Q343.35