漫灌条件下内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分动态变化特征  

Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Moisture in the Luanjing Irrigation Area with Flood Irrigation

作　　者：刘贯群[1] 宋涛[1] 李义雯 张玉芳[1] 王言思[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]内蒙古阿拉善盟气象局,内蒙古巴彦治特750306

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第6期965-970,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4057217)资助

摘　　要：根据内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分观测资料,本文讨论了漫灌条件下该区土壤水分的动态变化规律。由于观测期间降雨对该区影响很小,主要分析了春灌期、灌溉间隔期和作物生长期土壤水分的变化特点。春灌期,灌溉水主要补给上层砂壤土,对下层土壤的补给相对较小;经过2次灌溉过后,土壤含水率不断升高。就蓄水能力而言,粘砂土的蓄水能力最强,砂壤土次之,灌水后水分主要滞留在这2层。结合灌溉渗漏量分析,研究认为,该区灌溉模式使得灌溉渗漏量较大,造成水资源浪费的同时还会引起地下水位上升,致使灌区下游土壤次生盐渍化加重。因此,采用灌溉量较小的喷灌、滴灌等方式,可以避免产生深层渗漏,节约水资源。According to the Data on rainfall and soil moisture from the Luanjing irrigation area, Inner Mongolia the dynamic characteristics of soil water under the condition of flood irrigation were studied. The paper analysed the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in spring irrigation, irrigation plastochrone and crop growing period mainly because of the little impact of rainfall. In spring irrigation, the watering was stored primarily in the upper layer of soil, after the second irrigation, the soil water ratio increased gradually. The impound ability of the sand fusion was maximum; the sandy loam was secondly, water was stored primarily in the two layers after irrigation. The research showed that the big percolation amount in the irrigation modes of the study area would induce not only wasting water resources but raising of groundwater lever leading to salinization accentuation in the lower reaches of the irrigation area. Therefore spray irrigation and drip irrigation which had small irrigation amounts could avoid generating deep level leaking and saving water resource.

关 键 词：漫灌 地下水 土壤水分动态 灌区 渗漏量 

分 类 号：S273.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]