绝对主因子分析法解析北京大气颗粒物中铅来源  

Source Apportionment of Aerosol Lead in Beijing Using Absolute Principal Component Analysis

作　　者：李玉武[1] 刘咸德[2] 李冰[3] 杨红霞[3] 董树屏[1] 张烃[1] 郭婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家环境分析测试中心,北京100029 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第12期3310-3319,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委面上项目(20477042)

摘　　要：2005-09-18--2006-09-13期间,在北京南郊房山区、城区西二环和北郊昌平区3个采样点采集了166个总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品.用ICP-AES和ICP-MS方法测量了铅等29个无机元素.南郊、城区、北郊3个站点大气铅浓度年平均值分别为179、142和102 ng.m^-3.用绝对主因子分析法定性识别和定量解析了TSP样品中铅的来源.结果表明,北京TSP样品中铅的来源及分担率分别为：涉铅有色冶金工业（55.6%）、燃煤（16.9%）、建筑尘（11.8%）、土壤扬尘（10.2%）.涉铅有色冶金工业是主要来源.从空间分布看,燃煤、建筑尘、土壤扬尘等来源排放的铅分布比较均衡,3个点位的浓度大体持平;来源于有色冶金工业的铅浓度年均值在3个站点从南到北,分别为113、77.0和44.2 ng.m^-3,具有南高北低的趋势.这提示工业来源的主要方位在北京的南边.北京市大气铅浓度有可观的下降空间.铅排放削减和有关环境管理措施的主要对象应该是北京南边的有色冶金,特别是涉铅有色冶金行业.同一套化学组成数据计算结果显示,土壤扬尘和建筑尘是TSP的主要来源,分担率是72.3%.其他来源还有：燃煤（13.4%）,有色冶金工业源（9.5%）.From 18 September 2005 to 13 September 2006 in Beijing, 166 TSP samples were collected at three sites in southern suburb, downtown and northern suburb, respectively. Lead and other 28 elements were determined for those samples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods. The lead average concentration of one year in southern suburb, downtown and northern suburb was 179, 142 and 102 ng.m^-3 , respectively. Source identification and apportionment were carried out using absolute principal component analysis（APCA）method. Five groups of sources were recognized. The sources are nonferrous metallurgy（55.6%）, coal combustion（16.9%）, construction dust（11.8%）and soil dust （10.2%）, respectively. Major sources of aerosol lead in Beijing were from nonferrous metallurgy industry. Lead associated with coal combustion and other sources were evenly distributed over three sites. However, industrial lead was apparently at different levels at three sites, higher in southern suburb and lower in northern suburb. The lead concentration originated from nonferrous metallurgy at three sites from southern suburb, downtown to northern suburb was 113, 77.0 and 44.2 ng.m^-3, respectively, implying that the major sources for industrial lead were from the south to the Beijing. There is considerable space for reduction of aerosol lead concentration in Beijing. The main object for lead pollution discharge reduction and environmental management measures should aim at nonferrous metallurgy, especially for the field of lead metallurgy located at the south area to the Beijing. The calculation result based on the same chemical analysis data also shows that major source for TSP in Beijing is of soil dust and construction dust, accounting for 72.3 % . The other sources such as coal combustion and nonferrous metallurgy account for 13.4 % and 9.5 % , respectively.

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 铅 因子分析 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]