东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析  

Multivariate Geostatistics and GIS-based Approach to Study the Spatial Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in the Pearl River Delta,China

作　　者：蔡立梅[1,2,3] 马瑾[1,2] 周永章[1,2] 黄兰椿[1,2] 窦磊[1,2] 张澄博[1,2] 付善明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地球科学系,广州510275 [2]中山大学地球环境与地球资源研究中心,广州510275 [3]广东省地质调查院,广州510800

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第12期3496-3502,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国土资源部调查项目(121201511216);广东省科技计划项目(2006B70103005)

摘　　要：对东莞市农业土壤进行了系统采样分析,测定了表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg的含量.利用GIS技术和多元地统计结合的方法,研究了上述8种重金属元素的空间分布特征和来源.结果表明,Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd和Hg的含量均超过广东省土壤背景值,尤其是Hg、Cd和Pb含量分别达到0.24、0.12和65.38 mg/kg,远高于背景值,说明随着东莞市快速工业化,土壤中重金属呈明显积聚的趋势.上述8种元素可以由3个主因子反映.因子1为'自然源因子',主要包括元素Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和As,其高值区主要分布在研究区西部,主要受河流冲积物海相沉积物控制,低值区的空间分布受酸性火山喷出岩风化物和花岗岩风化物影响,因子1的空间分布主要受成土母质控制.因子2为'工业及交通源因子',主要包括元素Pb和Hg,高值区主要分布在中部过渡区和西部平原区,高值区中心集中在中部过渡区的虎门镇和西部平原区的茶山镇,主要由该区工业污染所致.因子3为'工农业活动因子',主要包括Cd元素,其空间变异完全受人为随机因素控制.One hundred and eighteen surface soil samples were collected from the Dongguan City, and analyzed for concentration of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, pH and OM. The spatial distribution and sources of soil heavy metals were studied using multivariate geostatistical methods and GIS technique. The results indicated concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg were beyond the soil background content in Guangdong province, and especially concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg were greatly beyond the content. The results of factor analysis group Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and As in Factor 1, Pb and Hg in Factor 2 and Cd in Factor 3. The spatial maps based on geostatistieal analysis show definite associatio of Factor 1 with the soil parent material, Factor 2 was mainly affected by industries. The spatial distribution of Factor 3 was attributed to anthropogenic influence.

关 键 词：农业土壤 重金属 多元地统计 空间分布 来源 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]