灌水对不同穗型小麦碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响  

Effect of Irrigation on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Filling in Winter Wheat with Different Spike-types

作　　者：冯伟[1] 罗毅[1] 郭天财[1] 王永华[1] 王晨阳[1] 朱云集[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2008年第6期1036-1041,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A07);河南农业大学博士科研启动资金资助项目(30200291)

摘　　要：为了给小麦节水栽培实践提供参考,在大田条件下研究了灌水次数对大穗型小麦品种豫麦66与多穗型小麦品种豫麦49碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,增加灌水次数可以提高旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,在灌浆中后期豫麦66较豫麦49具有明显优势。随着灌水次数增加,旗叶和籽粒可溶性糖含量在灌浆前期降低,而在灌浆后期籽粒可溶性糖含量升高,旗叶则表现相反。籽粒淀粉积累速率在灌浆前期随灌水次数增加而降低,但在灌浆后期则与之相反。籽粒灌浆速率呈单峰曲线变化,增加灌水次数,积累高峰期推迟,且前期慢,后期快,在花后35 d豫麦66在灌一水、灌两水和灌三水处理下籽粒灌浆速率分别为0.96、1.24和1.07 mg/d,而豫麦49分别为0.94、0.39和0.36 mg/d。豫麦66与豫麦49号相比,旗叶可溶性糖含量在灌浆中后期较低,淀粉及籽粒积累速率的峰值出现较晚但持续时间较长,表明大穗型品种同化物外运能力和库活性较强,灌浆进程稳健。Under field conditions, effects of watering times on C/N metabolism and grain filling were studied. The results indicated that NR activity and soluble protein content in flag leaf increased with increased of irrigation times, and that of Yumai 66 was superior to Yumai 49 during later filling stage. Soluble sugar content in grain and flag leaf decreased in earlier filling stage with increased of irrigation times and soluble sugar content in grain and that in flag leaf decreased in later filling stage. Starch accumulation rate was low in earlier filling stage and high in later filling stage when irrigated more times. Grain filling rate appeared to be a single-peak curve, and it was declined in earlier filling stage and increased in later filling stage with watering times increasing, and it sustained a longer time. Grain filling rate of irrigation one time, two times and three times was 0.96, 1.24 and 1.07 mg·d^-1 for Yumai 66, and 0.94, 0.39 and 0.36 mg·d^-1 for Yumai 49, respectively. Soluble sugar content in flag leaf of Yumai 66 was lower than that of yumai 49 during later filling stage, starch accumulating and grain filling peak of Yumai 66 was a little later than that of Yumai 49, but it sustained a longer time, the peak of yumai 66 was higher than that of Yumai 49, which suggested that Yumai 66 maintained stronger sink activity during the later stage with steady grain filling course.

关 键 词：冬小麦 穗型 灌溉 碳氮代谢 籽粒灌浆 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311