稻麦两熟区超高产小麦株型特征研究  

Plant-type Characteristics of Super-high-yield Wheat in Rice-wheat Cropping System

作　　者：杜永[1,2] 王艳 王学红 刘辉[1] 杨成 杨建昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]连云港市农业技术推广中心,江苏连云港222001 [3]江苏省东海农场,江苏连云港222312

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2008年第6期1075-1079,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30671225);国家科技攻关项目(2006BAD0213-3);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(“948”计划)项目(2006-G60)

摘　　要：为明确稻茬超高产小麦的株型特征，对黄淮麦区24个稻茬小麦品种进行了株型和产量性状的观察分析。通过产量聚类分析，将供试品种分成超高产、高产、中产、低产4种类型。超高产类型占20．8％，低产类型占12．5％，高产和中产类型占66．7％。高产和超高产小麦品种穗短，穗数多，植株较高，基部节间短，穗下节间长，旗叶小且挺，具有较高的物质生产能力和较高的收获指数。提出了黄淮麦区高产和超高产（〉9．0t／ha）小麦品种的株型和产量构成指标：全生育期235d左右，株高75cm左右，穗下节间长28cm以上，株高构成指数（IL）〉0．61；穗长7．5～8．0cm，每穗结实小穗数14～15个；旗叶长15～17cm，宽1．3cm左右，高效叶面积55～60cm^2，旗叶基角〈25°；有效穗数〉620×10^4／ha，每穗实粒教〉33粒，千粒重〉42g，收获指数〉0．45。To understanding plant type characteristics of super-high-yield wheat, this study investigated grain yield and plant type traits of 24 wheat cuhivars used in rice-wheat cropping system in the Huang ＆ Huai Rivers Areas. The tested cuhivars could be classified into four groups, i. e., super-high-yield, high-yield, mid-yield, and low-yield, according to cluster analysis by grain yield. Among the 24 cultivars, super-high-yield cultivars were 20.8%, low yield cultivars were 12.5%, and other cultivars were 66.72%. Most of high- and super-high-yield cultivars had the characteristics of shorter panicles, more panicle number, higher plant height, shorter base internodes, longer peduncle, smaller and more erect flag leaf, therefore produced more biomass and had higher harvest index. The traits or indexes for a super-high-yield wheat （〉9.0 t/ha） cultivar were suggested as plant height around 75cm, whole growth period around 235 d, length of the peduncle 〉28 cm, plant height index〉0. 61, spike length of 7.5-8.0 cm, spikelets per spike of 14-15, the length and width of the flag leaf of 15-17 cm and 1.3 cm, respectively, high effective leaf area of 55-60 cm^2, the angle of the flag leaf 〈25°, productive spike number 〉620×10^4/ha, grain number per spike 〉 33, 1000-grain weight 〉42 g, and harvest index 〉 0. 45.

关 键 词：小麦 稻茬 超高产 株型 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S337