黄淮平原冬小麦底墒水分布规律  

Distribution pattern of available soil water at planting for winter wheat in Huanghuai Plain

作　　者：刘荣花[1] 方文松[1] 朱自玺[1] 马志红[1] 许蓬蓬[1] 李树岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第12期2105-2110,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB24160426);公益性行业(气象)科研专项经费资助项目(GYHY200806008)

摘　　要：黄淮平原冬小麦底墒水主要由当年7月—10月上旬的降水在土壤中积累形成。本文在分析土壤类型及夏季降水规律的基础上,以100cm为计算冬小麦底墒水的深度,探讨了黄淮平原冬小麦底墒水分布规律。结果表明:黄淮平原冬小麦底墒水与7月—10月上旬降水存在较好的线性关系,土壤有效含水量正常年为184～290mm,丰水年为201～329mm,欠水年为148～265mm;非胁迫含水量正常年为124～224mm,丰水年为135～266mm,欠水年为100～201mm;黄淮平原底墒水具有西北部低、西南部和东部高的空间分布特征,低值区正常年底墒水加上生育期降水不能完全满足冬小麦需求,需灌溉1～2次;高值区加上生育期降水,一般可以满足冬小麦正常生长发育的需要。The available soil water at planting （ASWP） for winter wheat in Huanghuai Plain was mainly come from the precipitation in the period from July to the first ten-day of October. Based on the analysis of soil type and of precipitation pattern in summer time, and with 100 cm as the depth for calculating ASWP for winter wheat, the distribution pattern of ASWP in Huanghuai Plain was approached. The results showed that the ASWP had a linear relationship with the precipitation during the period from July to the first ten-day of October. The effective soil water content in normal years, plentiful precipitation years, and short precipitation years was 184-290 mm, 201-329 mm, and 148-265 mm, while the non-stressed soil water content at planting was 124-224 mm, 135-266 mm, and 100-201 mm, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of the ASWP for winter wheat in Huanghuai Plain had the characteristics of low in northwestern part and high in southwestern and eastern parts. In northwestern part, the sum of the ASWP in normal years plus the precipitation in growth period could not meet the water requirement of winter wheat, and 1-2 times irrigation would be necessary; while in southwestern and eastern parts, this sum could generally meet the growth and development of winter wheat, and no irrigation was needed.

关 键 词：冬小麦 底墒水 分布规律 有效含水量 黄淮平原 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]