畦灌施肥模式对土壤水氮时空分布的影响  

Influence of border strip fertigation on spatial and temporal distributions of soil water and nitrate nitrogen

作　　者：梁艳萍[1,2] 许迪[1,2] 李益农[1,2] 白美健[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《水利学报》2008年第11期1221-1228,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划重点项目课题(2006AA100210);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(节集0809)

摘　　要：对冬小麦生长期施用尿素条件下不同畦灌施肥模式的土壤水和氮时空分布状况及变化趋势开展研究,评价作物有效根系层土壤水氮沿畦长空间分布均匀性,探讨适宜的畦灌施肥模式。结果表明,畦灌施肥模式差异对作物有效根系层土壤水分沿畦长空间分布状况及其分布均匀性的影响较小,而对土壤氮素的影响较为明显。基于入畦单宽流量4L.s-1.m-1和在灌溉全程内均匀施肥的畦灌施肥模式,可在返青水和扬花水灌后2d作物有效根系层内形成较佳的土壤水氮空间分布状态及其分布均匀性,该效果对返青水可延续到灌后10d。采用较大流量和全程施肥的畦灌施肥模式,可为作物高效吸收利用水肥提供相对均布的土壤水氮状态。Based on the field experiments for fertilizing urea of winter wheat in the growing season, the distributions of soil water and nitrate as well as their variation under different border fertigation strategies are investigated. The distribution uniformities of soil water and nitrate in the effective root zone are analyzed. The results show that the influence of fertigation strategies on soil water distribution is not significant, but the influence on soil nitrate distribution is obvious. In the greening period and anthesis period, the injection of fertilizer during the whole irrigation process with inflow rate of 4L/s/m can produce the preferable distribution uniformity of soil water and nitrate nitrogen, which are stored in the effective crop zone 2 days after irrigation. For greening stage, this preferable state can be maintained for 10 days after irrigation. The application of larger inflow rate together with the injection of the fertilizing in the whole irrigation process will produce the well-proportioned distribution of soil water and nitrogen for crop.

关 键 词：畦灌施肥 入畦流量 施肥时机 硝态氮 时空分布 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S147.3[农业科学—农业工程]