高层建筑横向走道防排烟方式对烟气控制效果的模拟  

Smoke-Controlling Effect of Different Smoke-Prevention and Smoke-Exhausting Ways in High-Rise Buildings

作　　者：靖成银[1] 何嘉鹏[1] 周汝[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全环境学院,南京210009

出　　处：《建筑科学》2008年第11期49-53,共5页Building Science

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK2008369)

摘　　要：通过建立高层建筑内烟气流动的数学模型,采用k—ε双方程三维紊流模型对高层建筑火灾时横向走道内防排烟方式以及排烟口的位置和数量的烟气状态进行数值模拟,通过分析比较得出对于火灾初期挡烟垂壁对延缓烟气扩散的效果明显,可以通过设置合理的挡烟垂壁高度和数量来延长疏散时间。重要场所应用机械排烟时,排烟口应避免设在前室附近,对于只有单个排烟口时应将其设置在以挡烟垂壁为防烟分区的中间部位。在保持总排烟量不变时,可以将面积较大的排烟口合理的拆分成几个小的排烟口,并均匀分布在防烟分区内,这样可以降低每个排烟口的控制半径,有效的控制烟气的扩散,延长人员疏散时间。In this article the mathematic model of smoke flow in high-rise buildings is established and a k - ε three-dimension turbulence model with two equations is used to simulate the effect of the smoke-exhausting way and smoke-exhausting position on the smoke distribution in the walkway under the natural ventilation. By comparison and analysis, it is concluded that the function of the hang wall is obvious when preventing smoke diffusion in the early fire, and the evacuation time could be prolonged by designing reasonable height and numbers of the hang wall. For some important place where the mechanical exhaust way is adopted, the exhaust outlets shouldn＇t be fixed around the atrium, but in the center of the hang wall. The big size exhaust outlet should be split to several small outlets when keeping the total area and the smoke-exhausting quantity unchanged and not increasing economic input, so as to get the best smoke-exhausting effect.

关 键 词：高层建筑 火灾 防排烟 排烟口 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]