辽宁省地方性氟中毒的流行和防治现状  

Endemic fluorosis： prevalence and prevention in Liaoning Province

作　　者：王健辉[1] 郑照霞[1] 刘微[1] 刘羽[1] 高嵘李子荣 赵伟光[1] 王思茜[1] 刘万洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治所,沈阳110005

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2008年第6期663-667,共5页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2005、2006）

摘　　要：目的了解辽宁省地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）流行现状和防治措施落实情况。方法对改水和未改水饮水型地氟病病区分层抽样开展饮用水含氟量筛查和8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、16岁以上成人临床氟骨症病情普查，检测8～12岁儿童志愿者尿氟。结果全省普查842个未改水村（屯）和1829个改水村（屯），未改水村（屯）居民饮用水水氟0．01～7．10mg／L，平均（0．96±0．64）mg／L，29．2％（246／842）的未改水村（屯）饮用水含氟量〉1．2mg／L；在1829个改水村（屯）中调查了1234个降氟改水工程，水氟0．06～7．67mg／L，工程正常运行且水氟≤1．2mg／L的工程占调查工程的68.31％（843／1234），已改水村（屯）有31．69％（391／1234）的工程没有发挥其降氟改水作用。普查12127名8～12岁儿童和85636名16岁以上成人．儿童氟斑牙检出率为24．4％（2960／12127），成人临床Ⅱ度及以上氟骨症检出率为2．22％（1900／85636）。轻、中、重病区儿童氟斑牙检出情况比较，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=19．25，P〈0．01），重病区儿童氟斑牙检出率较高，个别未改水的重病区村（电）儿童氟斑牙检出率达到100％，成人临床Ⅱ度及以上氟骨症检出率为18．03％（97／538）。重病区和轻病区（未改水及工程报废）儿童尿氟中位数分别为2．01、2．00mg／L。结论辽宁省未改水的饮水型地氟病中、重病区的病情仍然十分严重，工程停运或报废病区仍亟须落实降氟改水防治措施。Objective To investigate the status of control of endemic fluorosis in Liaoning Province. Methods To investigate the prevalence rate of endemic fluorosis and water fluoride content in regions with different extent of endemic fluorosis, dental fluorosis among 8 - 12 years old children and clinical fluorosis at adult above 16 years old were extensively surveyed, urinary fluoride among 8 - 12 years old children was detected. Results We surveyed 842 uudefluorided drinking water in endemic fluorosis villages and 1234 projects of improving drinking water in 1829 endemic fluorosis villages. Water fluoride content was 0.01 - 7.10 mg/L in unimproved drinking water in endemic fluorosis regions, averaging （0.96±0.64）mg/L; 29.2%（246/842） of the endemic fluorosis regions had a fluoride content more than 1.2 mg/L. In 1234 projects of improving drinking water, drinking water fluoride content was between 0.06 - 7.67 mg/L. The project normally operated and having a fluoride content ≤ 1.2 mg/L accounted for 68.31% （843/1234）, while 31.69% （391/1234） of the projects did not function well. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 8 - 12 years old children in endemic fluorosis regions was 24.4% （2960/12 127）, the prevalence of clinical fluorosis among adults was 2.22% （1900/85 636）. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in slight, moderate and serious fluorosis regions had remarkable statistics differences（χ^2 = 19.25, P 〈 0.01 ）. The prevalence of dental fluorosis of children in serious fluorosis regions was the highest, reaching 100%, while the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 18.03%（97/538）. The median of urinary fluoride was 2.01,2.00 mg/L in serious and slight fluorosis regions, respectively. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is still serious, so we need urgently to improve water in serious fluorosis regions without defluoridaton of drinking water. Endemic fluorosis regions where worn-out and closed defluoriding projects exist need defluoriding management.

关 键 词：氟化物中毒 水 氟中毒 牙 氟骨症 数据收集 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]