滇池入湖河流大清河河口段浮游藻类格局研究  

Spatio-temporal pattern of phytoplankton in estuarial reach of Daqinghe river-inflow river of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：吴乃成[1] 徐耀阳[1] 唐涛[1] 蒋万祥[1] 黄亮[1] 黎道丰[1] 蔡庆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《生态科学》2008年第4期212-216,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2005AA60101003);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2002CB412300);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-427;KSCX2-SW-111)资助

摘　　要：2006年7月至2007年12月对大清河3个样点的浮游藻类组成及密度、浮游叶绿素a浓度等指标进行逐月监测。共观察到浮游藻类65个分类单元,计53个属。所有样点的平均藻类密度是1.23×108 ind.L-1,最高密度为1.39×109 ind.L-1,最低密度为3.21×105 ind.L-1。铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为绝对优势种,监测期间其平均相对丰度为92.23%。随着离湖距离的增加,浮游藻类总密度、铜绿微囊藻的百分含量明显降低,而香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)、辛普森(Simpson 1/Dominance)多样性指数和均匀度(Evenness)则呈现升高趋势。同时,样点2、3的铜绿微囊藻百分含量与滇池的极为相似,而样点1则距离滇池较远,其铜绿微囊藻的百分含量及生物多样性指数方面均不同于样点2、3,说明滇池水的倒灌已显著影响到样点2、3的藻类组成。通过比较各样点间的群落相似性指数发现:样点1、3间的相似性指数显著低于样点1、2和样点2、3间的相似性指数。样点2、3间的相似性指数除2007年4、5及7月外,均超过60%。通过对样点1、2和3的浮游藻类群落在工程运行前后进行"非度量多维标度"(NMS)分析,发现示范工程运行后的1年内还未对大清河监测河段水生生物群落的恢复有显著作用。From June 2006 to December 2007, monthly samplings of 3 sites were carried out for measuring chlorophyll a concentration, composition and density of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton sampling yielded 65 taxonomic units （mostly to genus levels） in 53 genera. Microcystis aeruginosa was predominant with 92.23% of the total taxa. The average algal density for all the sites was 1.23×10^8 ind·L^-1 and the maximum was 1.39 × 10^9 ind·L^-1, while the minimum was 3.21 × 10^5 ind·L^-1. With the increased distance between Dianchi Lake and the sampling sites （from site 3 to 1）, total density of phytoplankton and Microcystis aeruginosa decreased dramatically, while the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson （1/Dominance） diversity and evenness went up significantly. Besides, Microcystis aeruginosa of site 2 and 3 was similar with that of Dianchi Lake, while site 1 was different from site 2 and 3 due to its long distance away from Dianchi Lake, indicating significant impacts of Dianchi Lake water on taxonomic composition of site 2 and 3. From the percentage similarity index of community （PSc） among 3 sites, we found that PSc index between site 1 and 3 was significantly lower than that of site 1＆2 and site 2＆3 Except for April, May and July 2007, the PSc index between site 2 and 3 was higher than 60%. After the project operation, Microcystis aeruginosa of site 1 and 2 showed decreasing trend. Nevertheless, Microcystis aeruginosa of site 3 increased. At the same time, species richness of the 3 sites increased dramatically after the project. Changes in algal community structure （i.e., the species present and their relative abundances） following project operation were evaluated by non-metric multi-dimensional scaling （NMS） ordinations. The results showed that overall algal assemblage structure of the 3 sites remained similar throughout the study period （MRPP, p〉0.05）, indicating no significant impacts on phytoplankton community 1-year after project operation.

关 键 词：浮游植物 大清河 群落结构 时空动态 

分 类 号：Q178.512[生物学—水生生物学]