西北半干旱地区不同氮磷配施对玉米生理指标及产量的影响  

Effect of Different NP Ratio on Physiological Index and Yield of Maize in Semi-arid Region of Northwest

作　　者：王雁敏[1] 王平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学干旱农业生态教育部重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2008年第6期79-83,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验，研究了不同氮磷水平的配合施用对玉米不同生育期的生长速度、叶面积指数（LAI）、净光合速率（Pn）、干物质积累和根/冠比（R/T）的动态变化规律以及对产量的影响。结果表明，在氮肥施用量为300-600 kg/hm^2的范围内，随着施氮量的增加，玉米生长速度、叶面积指数（LAI）、净光合速率（Pn）、干物质积累量均随之增加，玉米的穗长、穗粗及穗行数没有明显变化，但穗粒数、穗粒重、百粒重增加，秃尖长度减小，产量增加；施氮量达到750 kg/hm^2时，则使生长速度及生理指标下降。增施氮磷肥均能促进根/冠比的增大，但磷肥的促进作用大于氮肥。以处理N3P2（N 600 kg/hm^2，P2O5120 kg/hm^2）为玉米施肥的最优氮磷配比。In this paper, a field experiment was conducted in Gansu tO study effects of applying different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on dynamic change trends of different growth stages plant growth rate, leaf area index, net photosynthesis rate, dry matter accumulation, root and shoot ratio and the the effect of yield. The main results were as follows. Within 300-600 kg/hm^2 of N fertilizer, application of N increased maize growth rate, leaf area index, net photosynthesis rate and dry matter accumulation. The length and diameter of ears and the number of seed lines in ear did not vary with increase of N fertilizer. But N increased the number of seed in ear and seed weight, the length of ster ile portion of the ear. As a result, N fertilizer improve yield whereas the excessive N fertilizer would reduce the yield. Photophoras was more than N in effect on ratios of roots to aboueground biomass. The treatment of N3P2 （N 600 kg/hm^2 ,P2O5 120 kg/hm^2） is the best.

关 键 词：西北半干旱地区 氮磷 春玉米 生理指标 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]