嫁接和自根黄瓜灌溉水分配和水分利用效率研究  

Study on Distribution of Irrigation Water and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted and Own-rooted Cucumber

作　　者：陈小燕[1] 陈怀勐 王璐[1] 王树忠[3] 任华中[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]北京市昌平区农业服务中心,102200 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100101

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2008年第6期130-135,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A07、2006BAD07B04);北京市都市农业学科群建设项目(Xk100190553)资助

摘　　要：研究了常规灌溉条件下,日光温室冬春茬和秋冬茬生产中,嫁接和自根黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)灌溉水分配状况和水分利用效率,旨在为制定合理的农艺节水措施提供理论依据。结果表明,两茬口试验中灌溉水分配量顺序均为土壤渗漏>植株蒸腾>土壤蒸发>土层贮水。其中,冬春茬灌溉水的分配比例为土壤渗漏44.3%、植株蒸腾35.4%、土壤蒸发15.7%、土层贮水4.6%;秋冬茬灌溉水分配比例为土壤渗漏49.6%、植株蒸腾29.7%、土壤蒸发13.9%、土层贮水6.8%。受根系分布状况和温室光温条件的影响,冬春茬土壤渗漏的比例低于秋冬茬,植株蒸腾与土壤蒸发的比例高于秋冬茬。冬春茬和秋冬茬嫁接黄瓜与自根黄瓜相比,土壤渗漏量分别低8.4%和3.4%,土壤蒸发量分别低12.0%和1.0%,蒸腾量分别高15.3%和4.0%;两茬口嫁接黄瓜的水分利用效率均显著高于自根黄瓜,因此嫁接是一种有效的节水措施。In order to provide academic proof for establishing proper agricultural measure, the distribution of irrigation water and water use efficiency of grafted and own-rooted cucumber of winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping under traditional irrigation in solar greenhouse was studied. The results showed that, the sequence of the irrigation water distribution ratio is soil water drainage）transpiration）evaporation）soil moisture storage. The irrigation water distribution ratio of cucumber of winter-spring cropping is 44.3% of soil water drainage, 35.4% of transpiration, 15.7% of evaporation and 4.6% of soil moisture storage. The irrigation water distribution ratio of cucumber of autumn winter cropping is 49.6% of soil water drainage, 29.7% of transpiration, 13.9% of evaporation and 6. 8 % of soil moisture storage. Because of the effect of root distribution and light and temperature condition of greenhouse, the proportion of winter-spring cropping＇s soil water drainage is lower than autumn-winter cropping＇s, the proportion of winter-spring cropping＇s transpiration and evaporation is higher than autumn winter cropping＇s. Compare grafted cucumber of winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping with own-rooted cucumber, soil water drainage decrease 8.4% and 3.4%, respectively, evaporation decrease 12.0% and 1.0%, respectively, transpiration increase 15. 3% and 4.0% the water use efficiencies of grafted cucumber of two croppings are both significantly higher than that of own-rooted cucumber, thereby graft is an effective water-saving measures.

关 键 词：日光温室 黄瓜 嫁接 灌溉水分配 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]