福建省兴化湾滨海养殖塘冬季水鸟的栖息地利用  

Habitat Use of Wintering Waterbirds at Aquaculture Ponds in Xinghua Bay,Fujian Province

作　　者：金杰锋[1] 刘伯锋[2] 余希 鲁长虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]福建省野生动植物保护管理中心,福州350003 [3]福建省野生动植物与湿地资源监测中心,福州350003

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2008年第6期17-24,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(No.Z0516076)资助

摘　　要：2007年12月至2008年3月对福建省兴化湾东北部江镜华侨农场(25°29′～25°33′N,119°23′～119°26′E)滨海养殖塘水鸟的栖息地利用进行了研究。选取了6个养殖塘作为样地,总面积360hm2,共记录到水鸟6目8科25种。潮汐变化是影响养殖塘内越冬水鸟栖息的重要因素。高、中、低3种不同潮位下养殖塘水鸟群落特征差异较大。水鸟的种数和数量随潮水的涨高而显著增加,优势种则减少;多样性指数和均匀性指数随潮水的涨高而降低,优势度则增大。养殖塘的水深是影响水鸟栖息的另一个重要因素。4个不同水深区域水鸟群落的种类组成及密度差异显著,鹬类、鸥类、鹭类等鸟类在中等水位区和浅水区栖息,鸭类主要栖息在深水区,而无水区仅有少数鹭类活动。在潮汛期间,滨海养殖塘是水鸟良好的临时栖息地,科学管理可使养殖塘人工湿地与潮间带滩涂共同满足越冬水鸟的栖息需求。Habitat use of wintering waterbirds at seashore aquaculture ponds were studied in Jiangjing Huaqiao Farm （25°29′～25°33′N,119°23′～119°26′E）, Northeast Xinghua Bay in Fujian Province from December 2007 to March 2008. Six ponds, totally 360 hm^2 in size, were selected for sampling avian community. Total of 25 species belong to 6 orders 8 families were recorded. Habitat use at aquaculture ponds by wintering waterbirds were highly influenced by tidal model. Characteristics of waterhird community were obviously difference with levels. Number of species and abundance of waterbirds increased with tide flooding, while the number of dominant species reduced correspondingly. However,Shannon-wiener index （H′） and species evenness （J′） depressed with tide rising, and dominance index （C′） increased. Water depth of ponds was another important factor which influenced habitat use of waterbirds. The species composition and density of avian communities varied significantly with water depths in habitat. Shorebirds, gulls, egrets and herons inhabited in ponds with medium or shallow water. Ducks mainly used deep water ponds, and only a few birds of egrets and herons found in dry ponds. The seashore aquaculture ponds were crucial habitats temporarily used by waterbirds during high tide period. Scientific management is recommended for aquaculture pondsand tideland as the habitat of wintering waterbirds.

关 键 词：兴化湾 滨海养殖塘 人工湿地 越冬水鸟 栖息地利用 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]