北京城区空气中花粉分析  

Analysis of Airborne Pollens in Beijing Urban Area

作　　者：何海娟[1] 王良录[1] 张宏誉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院变态反应科,北京100730

出　　处：《中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志》2008年第3期179-183,共5页Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

摘　　要：目的探讨北京城区空气中花粉的种类、含量及逐月分布规律。方法采用重力沉降法的叶氏定点取样器,于1983～1986年及1999～2007年,对北京城区进行每日空气曝片花粉监测。结果1983～1986年空气曝片中花粉的种类分别属于34科35属2种,1999～2007年空气曝片中花粉的种类分别属于35科41属3种;其中云杉属的花粉颗粒最大(150μm×100μm),构属的花粉颗粒最小(13～15μm)。两个阶段20年间花粉含量月分布情况变化很大,1983～1986年峰值以8～9月份为最高,3～4月份为次高;1999～2007年以4月份为最高,8～9月份为次高。结论北京城区空气中常见的、含量高的花粉有10余种。蒿属花粉每年持续时间最长,含量最高;葎草属花粉其次。近10年葎草属花粉有增高的趋势,白蜡树及银杏树花粉大幅度增多。Objective To investigate the species, amount and seasonal distribution of airborne pollen in Beijing urban area. Methods Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by gravitational method using Ye＇s Sampler since 1983 to 1986, and 1999 to 2007. Results Pollens of plants which belong to 34 families, 35 genera and 2 species of botanic classification were identified in the survey between 1983 and 1986, and 35 families, 41 genera and 3 species between 1999 and 2007. The largest pollen granule shown in our survey is the pollen of Picea, which is about 150 μm×100 μm in size, and the smallest one is the pollen of Broussonetia, which is about 13-15μm in diameter. Seasonal distri- butions differed between two periods within 20 years. The peak value of mensal pollen count was seen from August to September, which was followed by that from March to April, from 1983 to 1986, while the peak value was seen in April, which was followed by that from August to September, from 1999 to 2007. Conclusions There were more than 10 kinds of common and abundant airborne pollens in Beijing urban area. Artemisia pollen was the most abundant airborne pollens in mount, and shown in the longest period within one year, which was followed by Humulus pollen. The mount Humulus pollen increased over the past 10 years. It should be noted that the mount of Ginkogo biloba and Fraxinus pollens increases significantly in recent years.

关 键 词：花粉计数 花粉监测 花粉分类 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]