天津市16家医院哮喘患者问卷调查  

Questionnaire Survey among Patients of Asthma in Sixteen Hospitals of Tianjin

作　　者：俞绮虹[1] 杨文杰[2] 林燕萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市胸科医院胸内科,天津300051 [2]天津市第一中心医院,天津300384

出　　处：《中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志》2008年第3期194-197,共4页Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

摘　　要：目的了解天津地区支气管哮喘的危险因素和诊治情况。方法采用天津市哮喘联盟制定的统一问卷,由天津市哮喘联盟16家医院的呼吸科医生对门诊和住院确诊的793例哮喘患者进行问卷调查。结果被调查哮喘患者成年以后发病者占78.56%,病史在10年以上者44.39%,合并变应性鼻炎者39.97%。哮喘患者幼时呼吸道感染以病毒、细菌感染为主,占25.48%。某些环境因素及食物和药物均可诱发哮喘,尤其是刺激气体,有48.42%的患者不能耐受。精神因素对哮喘的发病也具有一定的作用。本次调查还显示哮喘患者对寒冷和干燥的环境更不耐受。被调查患者多数就诊于正规医院,53.22%的患者进行了肺功能检查;64.06%的患者使用哮喘指南推荐的吸入激素治疗,但仍有49.05%的患者使用不符合治疗规范的抗生素治疗。结论哮喘是一种具有众多诱发因素的可防可治的疾病,临床上要贯彻防重于治的原则,积极寻找和避免触发和诱发因素,制定以糖皮质激素吸入为核心的个体化治疗方案。同时,应利用各种方法和手段加强哮喘知识的宣传普及,提高基层医务工作者对哮喘的诊治水平,加强哮喘患者的自我监测意识。Objective To find out the risk factors of athma and to collect the information of diagnosis and treatment of asthma in Tianjin. Method Using the uniform questionnaire designed by Tianjin asthma alliance, 793 asthmatic patients diagnosed in out-patient department and inpatient department of sixteen hospitals belonging to Tianjin asthma alliance completed the questionnaire survey. Results of the 793 asthmatic patients, 78.56% patient whose onset of asthma were in adult. 44.39% last for more than ten years. 39.97% were shown complicated with allergic rhinitis. The respiatory infections in childhood were mainedly induced virus and bacterial, which accounted for 25.48% cases. Some environmental factors, such as foods and drugs can induce the attack of asthma, especially stimulatory gas, which can not be tolerated 48.42% of patients. Psychologic factors had an impact on the attack of asthma. The survy result also showed that asthmatic patients were more intolerant to cold and dried air. Most of the patients in the survy were medical treatment in the formal hospitals. Lung function tests were performed in 53.22% eases. 64.06% were prescribed inhaled glucocorticosteroid according to the gnide- lines for the management of asthma, while there were still 49.05% prescribed antibiotics, which were not consistent with the guidelines. Conclusions Asthma is a preventable and treatable disease with multble risk factors. We should underline the preventive policy rather than treated, find and avoid the risk factors, establish the individualized treatment based on inhaled glucocortieosteroid. At the meantime, we should use all the method to educated the patient with the knowledge of asthma, to improve diagnosis and therapy by physician in small hospitals, to improve the self-management of asthmatic patients.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 危险因素 问卷调查 诊断 治疗 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]