市民社会市民法私主体权利取向哲思  

Philosophic thought on private subject right orientation of civil law in civil society

作　　者：章礼强[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海200051

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2008年第6期50-54,共5页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究课题"民法哲学研究"(03JD820010)成果之一

摘　　要：西方古代城邦社会实际上就是以城邦为基础的国家。中国古代社会是根据宗法制度建立起来的宗法社会。西方近代政治社会主要是指国家,尤其是指近代国家。与政治社会或政治国家相对应的市民社会的含义逐渐演变成国家控制之外的社会和经济安排、规划、制度。市民社会与政治国家的分离,导致了两种不同的法权,一是私权,一是公权;并以此为规范对象分别形成了相对独立的两大法律部门,即私法和公法。(市)民法无非是市民社会的法律表现形式,它通过认定权利来维持市民社会的秩序,划定政治国家和其他市民不得随意进入的空间。从价值哲学角度看,市民社会是一个以市民权利为取向的社会,(市)民法亦当是以私主体权利为取向的私法。现今中国市场经济的建立与健全,大面积城市化引致了市民社会的逐步形成与成熟,亟需民法高扬市民即私主体权利的价值取向。The ancient western city-state society was actually the state based on the city while the ancient Chinese society was the patriarchal society founded on the patriarchal system. The western modern political society mainly refers to the state, especially the modern state. Contrary to the political society or political state is the civil society which has gradually has developed into social and economic arrangement, plan and system outside of the control of the state. Differentiation of civil society and political state results in two right forms: private right and public right. Consequently,two comparatively independent branches of law, private law and public law, are established. Civil law is nothing but the lawful expression of civil society which maintains rights to keep the order of civil society and delimits the space where the political state and other civilians cannot enter freely. With the establishment and development of market economy in China, a large scale of urbanization requires the civil law to ensure the value orientation of civilians, i.e. the private subject right.

关 键 词：民法 市民社会 私法 私主体权利价值取向 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]