海盐气溶胶影响酸碱气体及无机盐气溶胶的敏感性试验  

Sensitivity Tests of the Impacts of Sea Salt Aerosol on the Acid-Base Gases and the Inorganic Salts

作　　者：刘倩[1] 王体健[1] 李树[1] 江飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学系,南京210093

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2008年第5期598-607,共10页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2006CB403703;2006CB403706和2005CB422205

摘　　要：利用热力学平衡模式ISORROPIA及与之耦合的气相化学模式，通过两类敏感性试验，探讨了海盐气溶胶、相对湿度、温度对3种无机盐（硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐，包括液态和固态）和3种酸碱气体（氨气、气态硝酸、氯化氢）浓度的影响，以及不同海盐气溶胶浓度对热力学平衡的影响。试验结果表明，海盐浓度相对较低、相对湿度达到0．4～0．5以上、温度在-10～15℃之间时对各物种的平衡浓度影响比较显著。温度升高抑制硝酸盐、铵盐的生成，同时引起气态硝酸、氨气和氯化氢浓度的增加。而湿度升高时对硝酸盐、铵盐的生成有促进作用，反而造成气态硝酸、氨气和氯化氢浓度的降低。海盐气溶胶、相对湿度及温度的变化对硫酸盐气溶胶没有影响。在热力学平衡中如果考虑海盐气溶胶（主要成分NaGl）的作用会使得硝酸盐气溶胶、氨气浓度增加，而硝酸气体、铵盐气溶胶浓度减小，其中硝酸盐和气态硝酸的改变最为明显。由于海盐气溶胶和硫酸、硝酸的反应，产生了氯化氢气体，造成海盐气溶胶的氯亏损现象。By using the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA and a gas phase chemistry model, the impacts of sea salt aerosol, relative humidity and temperature on the acid-base gases and the inorganic salts are investigated through sensitivity tests, and the impacts of different concentrations of sea salt on the thermodynamic equilibrium are also showed. The results indicate that 1） the influences of the temperature which is between -10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity which is above 0.4-0.5 on the equilibrium concentration of all the species are notable when the sea salt concentration is relatively low. The productions of nitrate aerosol and ammonium aerosol are inhibited by the increasing of the temperature, while as are facilitated by the increasing of the relative humidity. On the contrary, the concentrations of the gaseous nitric acid, ammonia and hydrogen chloride are decreased because of the increasing of the temperature, while are increased by the increasing relative humidity. 2） The concentrations of nitrate aerosol, ammonia will increase while the concentrations of ammonium aerosol, gaseous nitric acid will decrease if the sea salt aerosol （main component is NaCl） is taken into account in the thermodynamic equilibrium model, and the changes of nitrate and gaseous nitric acid are the most obvious. 3） Due to the chemical reactions between sea salt aerosols and sulfuric acid, nitric acid which produced hydrogen chloride gas, chloride was displaced from the solidsodium chloride, causing the phenomenon of the chlorine loss on sea salt aerosols.

关 键 词：海盐 热力学平衡模式 敏感性试验 

分 类 号：P402[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]