棉花植株水浸提液化感效应的研究  

Allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of cotton

作　　者：李彦斌[1] 刘建国李 凤刘 淑娟 耿伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第6期1489-1494,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划前期研究专项(2006CB708401);石河子大学自然科学与技术创新项目(ZRKX200702)资助

摘　　要：本文采用室内生测和生理试验的研究方法,以多种受体植物为研究对象,探讨棉花的化感作用和作用机理。结果表明:棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应,随着作用浓度增加,抑制效应逐渐加强;棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用,当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 g·mL-1时,棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%,当浓度为0.1 g·mL-1时,上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%,而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%,POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%,不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律,且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。结果表明棉花具有较强的自毒作用,可能是棉花连作障碍的重要原因之一,通过建立合理的耕作制度,可提高棉花经济产量。Bioassay and physiological experiment were adopted to explore the allelopathic effect and mechanism of cotton on several plant receptors.Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus,Brassica campestris,Lactuca indica,Brassica campestris,Echinochloa crusgall,Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration.Aqueous extracts from stems,leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth,and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton.While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 g·mL^-1,root length,shoot length,lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%,3.1%,22.9% and 2.4% over the control.The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%,39.2%,40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 g·mL^-1.At the same time,root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%,while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%.Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts.The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.These findings show that cotton has autotoxicity effect which maybe one of reasons for continuous cropping obstacle of cotton.The economic yield of cotton will be improved by founding rational cultivate system.

关 键 词：棉花 植株水浸提液 化感效应 自毒作用 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]