基于农户的农业生态系统能流分析  

Agricultural ecosystem energy flow analysis based on peasant households

作　　者：李秀萍[1] 韩剑萍[2] 杨德刚[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学经济管理学院,兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学经济管理学院,兰州730070 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第6期1535-1540,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX1-08-01-02);国家科技攻关计划重点课题(2001BA508B24)资助

摘　　要：运用生态学原理和系统分析法,以新疆尉犁县达西村40个典型农户的农业生态系统为对象,分析了农田、果园和畜牧业等亚系统能量流动途径、人工辅助能投入、能量产出、能量结构偏差以及能量转化效率等能流特征。结果表明:农户生态系统是综合经营性的、既保留有传统农业精华又具有现代农业特点的系统。由于人工辅助能投入、有机能投入偏低,农田生态系统的光能利用率和产出水平都处于较低水平。增加人工辅助能投入、提高有机能投入比例能够提高能量转化效率、增加能量产出。初级生产系统和次级生产系统之间结构比例不协调、能流结构偏差很大,既造成初级生产提供的生物能流失和浪费严重,又使初级生产系统缺乏足够的有机肥源。扩大农户畜禽饲养规模,大力发展农区畜牧业,是优化农户生产结构、协调各亚系统之间关系的重要方向和有效途径。Through the application of ecological and systems theory,this paper investigated energy flow in cropland,orchard and animal husbandry subsystems of agro-ecosystem using 40 typical peasant households of Daxi Village,Yuli County,Southern Xinjiang as a study unit.Energy flow mechanism,supplemental energy input structure,energy input and output composition for different subsystems,energy flow relation among subsystems and energy transform efficiency were analyzed.The results show that peasant household ecosystem is a multi-operational system that is not only an essential traditional agriculture but also a modern agriculture.Due to low total supplemental and organic energy input in agricultural systems,utilization efficiency of solar energy and output levels are low.Increasing total supplemental and organic energy input can improve energy transformation efficiency,hence energy output levels.Energy relationship between primary and secondary production systems is in disharmony,with large energy deviation that not only results in serious organic energy waste（provided by primary production system）,but equally brings about scarcity in the sources of organic fertilizer.Hence developing animal husbandry can be an effective and important way of optimizing peasant household production structure,coordinating relationships between cropping and breeding systems and increasing energy outputs.

关 键 词：农业生态系统 能流 特征 达西村 农户 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]