夏蜡梅和美国蜡梅属间杂种形态与光合生理特征  

Morphology and photosynthesis of an intergeneric hybrid between Sinocalycanthus chinensis and Calycanthus floridus

作　　者：盛宁[1] 姚青菊[1] 任全进[1] 熊豫宁[1] 孙小芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省-中国科学院植物研究所南京中山植物园江苏省植物迁地保护重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》2008年第6期728-732,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

基　　金：江苏省南京市科技发展计划项目(2003ZB0203)

摘　　要：从花形态、结实性、光合和水分利用效率等3个方面,比较了属间杂种与母本夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis,父本美国蜡梅Calycanthus floridus之间的差异;另外,对濒危园模拟生境条件下生长的夏蜡梅和苗圃自然光照条件下的夏蜡梅植株的光合作用和水分利用的生态差异进行了比较研究。结果表明:①花外形、颜色和气味,花被片形态,外、内花被片(数量、大小、颜色、形状和质地),雄蕊(可育雄蕊、不育雄蕊和食物体),雌蕊(花柱和柱头)等方面,属间杂种均表现出双亲的中间性状,结合了双亲优异之处,具有很高观赏价值;②夏蜡梅在南京地区结实正常,美国蜡梅在南京地区的结实能力差,而属间杂种7年生植株开花的2a中都表现为不结实;③光合作用和水分利用特性上,属间杂种与父本美国蜡梅相似,较母本夏蜡梅有明显优势,没有严重的光合午休现象和灼伤叶片、花苞片现象。另外,濒危园中遮光条件下的夏蜡梅植株尽管净光合作用和蒸腾作用较小,但没有午休现象,而且表观量子效率和水分利用效率显著大于自然光照条件下的夏蜡梅植株,乃至美国蜡梅及属间杂种,显示出夏蜡梅的喜阴习性。We obtained an intergeneric hybrid between female, Sinocalycanthus chinensis, and male, Calycanthus floridus in 2001, in Nanjing botanical Garden Mere. Sun Yat-sen. This hybrid initially flowered in 2006. Differences in（ 1 ） flower morphology, （2） fecundity, and（3） photosynthesis and water use effieiency（WUE） between this intergeneric hybrid and its parents were researched in Nanjing in 2006 and 2007. Ecological differences of photosynthesis and water use with S. chinensis between nursery plants and those in an endangered species garden （ESG） were also studied. Results showed that （1） the intergeneric hybrid combined favorable qualities of its parents and had a high ornamental value with intermediate morphological eharacteristies for flowers-size, color, odor, and perianth arrangement, outer and inner row tepals （amount, size, color, shape, and texture）, for stamens （fertile, staminodia, ＂food body＂ ）, and for pistils（style, stigma）. Also, （2） natural fecundity was found in S. chinensis and non-normal fructification in C. floridus with the intergeneric hybrid exhibiting floreseenee but unfruitful for the two years of this study. Additionally, （3） the intergeneric hybrid was similar to C. floridus in photosynthesis and water use, but without a severe photosynthetic midday-depression or burns on leaves and bracts; in the nursery with natural sunlight, the hybrid showed a strong superiority to S. chinensis. In addition, compared to C. floridus, the hybrid, and S. chinensis in a nursery with natural sunlight, S. chinensis with shading in an ESG expressed a higher apparent quanta efficiency （AQE） and water use effiencyc （WUE） with lower rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration and with no photosynthetic midday-depression. [Ch, 1 fig. 3 tab. 17 ref.]

关 键 词：植物学 夏蜡梅 美国蜡梅 属间杂种 表观量子效率 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学] S338[农业科学—作物遗传育种]