黄土丘陵区土壤保持服务价值动态变化及评价——以纸坊沟流域为例(英文)  

Assessment of Human Activities on Soil Conservation Value in Hilly and Gully Region of Loess Plateau——A Case Study of Zhifanggou Watershed

作　　者：张彩霞[1,2] 谢高地[1] 杨勤科[3] 李士美[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院,水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2008年第6期1035-1043,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB407203);Key Technologies Research and Development Programme of China(30770410);Integrated Project within the Sixth EU Framework Programme,SENSOR-TTC(003874-2)

摘　　要：以受人类活动强烈干扰的黄土高原典型丘陵沟壑区安塞县纸坊沟为例,以该区土壤侵蚀最严重的1958年为参照年,主要运用替代工程法、影子价格法和机会成本法等方法,分析了1938～2000年该流域土壤保持服务功能价值的动态变化过程,并通过对流域综合治理与退耕还林草投入成本价值的对比核算,初步评价了流域水土保持治理的效益。研究表明,从1938～1978年,由于人类不合理的活动使大面积植被遭受破坏,导致流域土壤保持功能显著降低,年土壤保持价值减少了1.01×108元。随小流域综合治理和退耕还林(草)政策的实施,土壤保持功能及其价值逐年增加,1978～2000年土壤保持价值增加了0.77×108元。除去流域治理和退耕还林草投入总成本1.56×106元,1975～2000年年均净获土壤保持价值量6414.4×104元,表明流域综合治理是卓有成效的。但与植被破坏前的1938年相比,2000年的土壤保持服务价值与之仍有一定差距,土壤保持服务价值为1938年的78.5%,因此,流域综合治理仍然任重而道远。As an important ecosystem service, soil conservation is rather more important than other ecosystem services in Hilly and Gully Region of Loess Plateau. A small typical watershed, Zhifanggou was selected to assess the impacts of human activity on ecosystem services with substitution engineering, shadow price and opportunity cost methods. The dynamic variations in the value of soil conservation service from 1938 to 2000 was studied, and the benefit of watershed management was also evaluated preliminarily through the balance between investment and output during the period of watershed management and returning farmland to forest and grassland. From 1938 to 1978, the annual value of soil conservation service declined significantly by about 1. O1 x l0s yuan due to the wide destroy of the natural vegetation resulted from unreasonable human activities, and then increased rapidly by 0. 77 × 10^8 yuan under the watershed management and ＇ returning farmland to forest and grassland＇ project from 1978 to 2000. The total investment and cost was 1.55 × 10^6 yuan from 1973 to 2000, which only accounted for 2. 1% of the increment of annual value of soil conversation service from 1978 to 2000. However, through more than 30 years＇ investment and management, the total value of the soil conservation service in 2000 were only 78. 5% of that in 1938, which indicated that long term effort still should be applied to restore the influence of inappropriate human activity on ecosystem service.

关 键 词：土壤保持 价值评价 人类活动 小流域综合治理 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]