不同时期套种绿肥对免耕春小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Intercropping Green Manure in Different Periods on Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield of Spring Wheat with Zero-tillage

作　　者：朱军[1] 石书兵[1] 马林[1] 李鸿亮 毛吉贤[1] 郭飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]阜康农业推广站,新疆阜康831500

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2008年第6期990-995,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业部项目“发展生态农业治理沙漠化土地技术研究与示范”(2003070405);国家博士后流动基金项目(52209)

摘　　要：为探明不同时期套种绿肥对免耕春小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响，试验以免耕春小麦不套种草木樨作为对照（CK），分别在春小麦拔节期（T1）、孕穗期（T2）、扬花期（T3）、灌浆期（T4）套种草木樨，研究了不同处理模式下春小麦花后单株叶面积、旗叶叶叶绿本素含量及产量构成因子的变化。结果表明：不同时期套种草木樨后，小麦单株叶面积，旗叶叶片中Chl（a＋b）、chla、ehlb含量均明显提高，与对照相比，扬花期各处理小麦单株叶面积增加7．18％。13．66％、叶绿素含量提高8．26％～27．20％，不同处理之间T2表现最优；随着小麦叶片的衰老各处理光合指标逐渐下降，CK下降较快。各时期套种草木樨对小麦产量构成因子影响显著，穗数、穗粒数明显增加，依次为T2〉T3〉T4〉T1〉CK，与对照相比，春小麦千粒重增加5．9％-17．1％，T1、T2、T3、T4产量分别增长了11．1％、24．7％、15．9％、12．5％，T2处理产量最高，达5452．5kg／hm^2，不同处理之间差异显著。The field experiment was conducted to study effect of spring wheat- green manure intercropping in different period on development and yield of wheat with zero - tillage. The leaf area per plant, the flag leaf chlorophyll content after flowering and yield components of spring wheat was investigated. Spring wheat - sweetclover intercropping was monecultured as CK at the jointing stage（T1 ）, booting staga（T2）, flowering stage （T3 ）, filling stage （ T4 ）, respectively. The results showed that the leaf area per plant, content of Chl （ a ＋ b）, Chla, chlb on flag leaf leaves with wheat- sweetelover intercropping were significantly improved, compared with the control, the leaf area per plant of different intereropping treatment in the flowering stage were increase by 7.18% to 13.66%, and the chlorophyll content were increase by 8.26% to 27.20%, that of T2 was the best among different treatments; the wheat leaf photosynthesis index declined with leaf age, but that of CK declined rapidly ; the effect of wheat - sweetclover intercropping on yield components was more significantly, and the number of spike and kemel number increased significantly, followed by T2 〉 T3 〉 T4 〉 T1 〉 CK; the 1000 - kernel weight of spring wheat increased by 5.9 % to 17.1%, the yield of T1, T2, T3, T4 was more than 11.1%, 24.7 %, 15. 9%, 12.5% compared with the control, respectively; the highest yield of T2 was 5 452.5 kg/hm^2, there were significant differences among treatments.

关 键 词：春小麦 绿肥 套种 免耕 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.120.62[农业科学—作物学]