温度对棉蚜发育与繁殖力影响  

Effect of Temperature on Development and Fecundity of Cotton Aphid(Aphis gossypii)

作　　者：苗伟[1,2] 吕昭智[2] 于江南[1] 苏延乐[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2008年第6期1130-1135,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重大国际合作项目“干旱区棉花有害生物生态控制的关键技术及其环境健康”(2007DFA31280);国家科技支撑计划专题项目“棉花虫害防治技术研究”(2006BAD21D21B02-3)

摘　　要：在相对湿度为50％±10％，光周期L：D=14：10的人工气候室内，研究不同温度（26、28、30、32、34和36℃）棉蚜的发育速率、死亡率和繁殖力。结果表明：随温度升高，棉蚜的死亡率增加，繁殖率降低，寿命缩短；若蚜期从26℃的5．9d下降到34℃的4．4d，36℃时若蚜4d后若蚜的死亡率达99％，不能完成发育。在26、28、30、32和34℃时，若蚜的死亡率分别为17．5％、25．0％、25．5％、22．6％和22．0％。在28℃时，棉蚜特定年龄繁殖率（mx）和净生殖率（R0）均达到最大，分别为14．0与53．0。在5个温度条件下，棉蚜内禀增长率（rm，d^-1）分别为0．304、0．398、0．385、0．245和0．124。通过模型拟合计算得出：棉蚜发育的最适温度为29．0℃，致死温度为35．5℃。棉蚜繁殖的最适温度为28．8℃；当温度上升到34．9℃时棉蚜不能够继续繁殖。伏蚜在28～30℃繁殖能力强，对棉花危害最大。The development, mortality rate and fecundity of Aphis gossypii Glover （Horn., Aphididae） were evaluated on detached cotton leaves at six high constant teraperature （26℃,28℃, 30℃,32℃,34℃ ）, 36℃ ） in laboratory. The developmental periods of the immature stage ranged from 5.9 days at 26℃ to 4.4 days at 34℃. A constant temperature of 36℃ was lethal to the immature stage of Aphis gossypii and mortality rate was up to 99% in four days. The mortality rate were estimated to be 17.5% ,25.0% ,25.5% ,22.6% and 22.0% at 26℃ ,28℃, 30℃ ,32℃ ,34℃. The age -speeifie fecundity and net reproduetive number were at peak numbers at 28℃ with numbers of 14.0 and 53.0. The intrinsic rate of increase were estimated to be 0. 304,0. 398,0. 385,0. 245 and 0. 124 at five temperatures. The optimtun temperature for development was 29.0℃ and lethal temperature of cotton Aphid was 35.5℃. The optimum temperature for fecundity was 28.8℃ and lethal temperature for fecundity of cotton Aphid was 34.9 ℃ based on fitting model. Summer aphid had relatively great reproduction from 28℃ to 30＇C, and seriously damaged cotton growth.

关 键 词：棉蚜 温度 发育速率 死亡率 内禀增长率 生命表 新疆 

分 类 号：S435.622.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]