长期不同施肥措施对红壤水稻土有机碳和养分含量的影响  

Long-term effect of fertilization on organic carbon and nutrients content of paddy soils in red soil region

作　　者：吴晓晨[1,2,3] 李忠佩[1,3] 张桃林[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]海南省环境科学研究院,海南海口570206 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第5期2019-2023,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB109301)

摘　　要：将红壤丘陵地区的荒地开垦为水田不仅可以防治土壤侵蚀,而且能增加土壤肥力,提高农田生产力。本文研究了红壤荒地垦殖为稻田,长期定位施肥15年后不同施肥措施下水稻土的有机碳和养分含量特征。结果表明:不同施肥措施包括不施肥条件下,15年水稻垦殖都提高了土壤肥力。不同施肥措施水稻土的pH提高了0.9～1.3个单位。耕层土壤有机碳含量达到8.19～10.13g·kg-1,全氮含量达到0.89～1.20g·kg-1,有机碳与全氮含量都有明显提高,且有机碳和全氮含量之间相关性极显著。水稻土耕层全磷含量在0.25～0.60g·kg-1之间,有效磷含量在2.2～20.9mg·kg-1之间,化学磷肥的培肥效果好于有机肥(猪粪),有机无机磷肥配施能显著提高土壤全磷和有效磷库。土壤全钾还未有明显变化,土壤速效钾含量在40.4～142.5mg·kg-1之间,不同施肥措施除氮钾肥处理外都造成了土壤速效钾含量下降,秸秆还田到目前为止对于土壤速效钾含量还没有明显作用。Alteration of wasteland to paddy field in highland region of subtropical China could not only alleviate soil erosion, but also promote soil fertility and productivity. In our study, after altering wasteland to paddy field and follow-up 15 years of different fertilization management, soil organic carbon and nutrients status were studied. Results showed that soil fertilities had been promoted by long-term different fertilization treatments, including no-fertilizer treatment. After fifteen years of different fertilizer input, soil pH increased 0.9-1.3. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） were 8.19-10.13 g kg^-1 and 0.89-1.20 g·kg^-1 respectively. There was significant correlation between SOC and TN of plow layer. Total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents of plow layer were 0.25-0.60 g·kg^-1 and 2.2-20.9 mg·kg^-1 respectively. Effect of chemical phosphorus fertilizer on increasing soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content was better than that of organic fertilizer （manure）. Combined use of chemical and organic phosphorus fertilizer could increase soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content significantly. Different fertilization managements had slight effect on soil total potassium. However exchangeable potassium was influenced by fertilization dramatically and its contents were 40.4-142.5 mg·kg^-1. Soil exchangeable potassium contents were declined in almost all of the fertilization treatments except NK. Up to now, no evident effect of straw recycling on soil exchangeable potassium content was observed.

关 键 词：施肥 红壤水稻土 有机碳 养分 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]