寒地井灌稻区节水灌溉条件下土壤温度变化及水稻产量效应  

Changing of Soil Temperature and Rice Yield under Water-saving Irrigation Condition in Well Irrigated Field of the Cold Region

作　　者：孙彦坤[1] 曹印龙[2] 付强[2] 顾春梅 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]佳木斯农垦科学院水稻所,黑龙江佳木斯154025

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2008年第6期67-70,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GB06B106-7);黑龙江省博士后科研启动金(LBH-Q05022);东北农业大学创新团队项目(CXT003-3-2)

摘　　要：针对三江平原井水灌溉水温偏低,致使田间气温和土壤温度过低,影响水稻的正常发育,造成严重减产的现状,通过田间试验研究了节水灌溉条件下田间土壤温度的变化以及水稻的产量效应。结果表明:控制灌溉,全生育期不建立水层,土壤含水量低,土壤升温快,平均土温始终高于间歇灌溉(对照),各层土壤平均温度比间歇灌溉高1℃左右。土壤温度的差异对水稻产量的提高有着显著的影响,控制灌溉比间歇灌溉分蘖量提高了10%,每平方米穗数提高了7%,每穗实粒数提高11%,增产7.8%,节水10.4%。寒地井灌稻区采取控制灌溉技术,节水、增温、增产,为解决低温冷害提供了有效的途径。The low irrigation water temperature leads to the low air temperature and soil temperature in the field in Sanjiang plain, affects common growing of the rice, and reduces the production of rice. Through the field experiment, the paper researches the change of soil temperature and yield effect of the rice under water-saving irrigation condition. The results shows that controlled irrigation doesn＇t build water layer in the whole growing period, so soil water content is low, and soil temperature increases quickly. The average soil temperature of controlled irrigation is 1℃ almost higher than the soil temperature of intermit irrigation. The difference of soil temperature affects significantly the production of rice. The tillers of controlled irrigation are 10% higher than the tillers of intermit, rice spikes increasing 7% per square meter, grains per spike increasing 11%, the production increasing 7.8%, water saving 10.4%. Controlled irrigation saves water, increases irrigation water temperature, and increases the production of rice in the area of well irrigation rice in cold region, so controlled irrigation is an effective method for defending cold water damage.

关 键 词：井灌稻区 节水灌溉 土壤温度 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]