内蒙古自治区智力残疾现患率调查及病因分析  

An Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Mental Retardation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

作　　者：朱华[1] 艾荣[1] 刘建平[1] 刘炎洁[1] 苏雅拉[1] 白玉新[1] 于少飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区医院儿科,内蒙古呼和浩特010017

出　　处：《内蒙古医学杂志》2008年第11期1355-1359,共5页Inner Mongolia Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的：了解内蒙古自治区智力残疾（mental retardation．MR）的现患率及其分布特点，分析其主要致残原因构成特点，探讨预防治疗措施。方法：采用概率比例、多阶段分层整群抽样方法进行现况调查及病例对照研究，根据年龄分别使用丹佛发育筛查测验及〈7岁以上人群残疾筛查问卷〉筛查，分别使用Gese11发育诊断量表及韦氏儿童智力量表简式（WISC—CR），韦氏成人智力量表简式（WAIS—RC）进行智力诊断，采用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：①内蒙古自治区智力残疾患者的现患率为4．95‰，男性MR现患率高于女性（χ^2=6．28，df=1，P〈0．05），农村MR的现患率明显高于城市（χ^2=60．035，df=1，P〈0．01）。②内蒙古自治区智力残疾致残原因以疾病（29．26％）和遗传因素（23．79％）为主。③在18岁之前（智力发育期）发现智力残疾的占74．53％，且以0～3岁发现智力残疾的人数比例最高（48．84％）。结论：智力残疾的防治重点应在农村，预防应以疾病（主要包括脑疾病、内分泌障碍、惊厥性疾病）及遗传因素为主。强调早期发现、早期干预。Objective： A cross 2 sectional epidemiological study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of distribution of mental retardation （MR） in Inner Mongolia. Methods： The study adopted sampling method by 2 - phase cluster stratified; the DQ was evaluated with standardized Gesell developmental schedule , Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Chien （WISC- CR）, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- Chien （WAIS- RC） Respectively. Results： ①A total of 323 people were found among the children of 65247 the rate being 4.95‰. The prevalence in male was higher than that in female （χ^2 = 6.28, df = 1, P〈 0. 05）. The prevalence in countryside was higher than that in city（χ^2= 60. 035, df = 1, P 〈 0. 01）. ② The major cause of mental retardation in Inner Mongolia was disease （29.26 % ） and heredity （23.79 % ）.③Before 18 yeas old （Intelligence development period）, MR rate was 74.53 %, 0- 3 years old had the biggest percentage as （48.84 % ）. Conclusion： The prevention and treatment of MR should be a priority and the rural areas should be paled more attention.

关 键 词：智力残疾 现患率 病因 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]