南海南沙海域沉积物中可培养微生物及其多样性分析  

Diversity of bacteria isolated from the South China Sea sediments

作　　者：孙风芹[1] 汪保江[1] 李光玉[1] 刘秀片[1] 杜雅萍[1] 赖其良[1] 邵宗泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,海洋生物遗传重点实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《微生物学报》2008年第12期1578-1587,共10页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB19B02);国家自然科技资源平台项目(2005DKA21209);国家自然科学基金(30670051)~~

摘　　要：【目的】为了从南沙海域中分离获得微生物菌种资源,【方法】本文通过沉积物采样、可培养菌分离及16S rRNA鉴定,【结果】从22个站点的沉积物样品中获得349株细菌,分属于87个种。发现产芽孢细菌分布最广,并在10个站点的分离株中占多数;它们是Bacillus,Halobacillus,Brevibacillus,Paenibacillus,Pontibacillus和Thalassobacillus。其中芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)无论在数量上还是种类上都最多,分别属于34种,其中有8个可能的新种。此外,γ-Proteobacteria是分离率较高的另一亚群;其中,假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),海杆菌(Marinobacter),食烷菌(Alcanivorax)属的细菌最多。统计还发现,在深度750～2000 m之间,低GC含量的细菌最丰富,而深度2000 m以下,分离株则全部为γ-Proteobacteria。【结论】南沙沉积物可培养微生物中产芽孢细菌及γ-Proteobacteria比较丰富;其中,产芽孢细菌的多样性最高,具有进一步研究开发价值。[Objective] To isolate bacteria from Nansha area of South China sea, [Methods] Sediment samples of 22 sites were used. Bacterial isolation was conducted on plates of marine medium, followed by 16S rRNA identification and phylogenetic analysis. [Results] In total 349 bacteria were obtained, belonging to 87 species. Analyses of 16S rRNA sequence showed that Bacillus and other spore-forming bacteria occupied the majority of isolates in 10 sites. Bacillus was the most abundant bacterium and of high diversity; with 34 species and 8 possible novel species. Halobacillus also occurred frequently while other spore-forming bacteria including Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Pontibacillus and Thalassobacillus were also found, but less occurred in this area. In addition to these low-G＋C-content bacteria, γ-Proteobacteria were the second subgroup of high occurrence, among which Pseudomonas, Marinobacter and Alcanivorax were relatively abundant Generally, isolates of 750-2000m deep mainly consist of low-G＋C-content bacteria, while mainly composed of gamma-Proteobacteria when the depth is over 2000m. [Conclusion] Marine sediments of South China Sea are rich in spore-forming bacteria, which deserve further study and exploitation.

关 键 词：南海南沙 海洋细菌 生物资源 生物多样性 产芽孢菌 芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]