人类牙齿表面痕迹与人类生存适应及行为特征--湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿使用痕迹  

LIVING ADAPTATION AND BEHAVIORS OF LATE PLEISTOCENE HUMANS FROM HUANGLONG CAVE IN YUNXI OF HUBEI PROVINCE REFLECTED BY TOOTH USE MARKS

作　　者：刘武[1,2] 武仙竹[3] 吴秀杰[1,2] 裴树文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院人类演化与环境动因实验室,北京100044 [3]重庆师范大学,重庆400047

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2008年第6期1014-1022,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40772016);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-106);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(批准号:2006CB806400)资助

摘　　要：人类为获取食物和满足其他需求而使用牙齿从事的各类非咀嚼性活动在牙齿表面形成使用痕迹。牙齿使用痕迹与古人类的行为特征关系密切,记录了丰富的古人类生存环境、食物构成、获取食物的方式、行为模式及生活习俗等方面的信息。对黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿的观察发现:黄龙洞人类前部牙齿表面具有釉质破损与崩裂、齿冠唇面破损、齿间邻接面沟3种类型的使用痕迹。根据这些牙齿使用痕迹的分布和表现特点,推测生活在黄龙洞的更新世晚期人类经常使用前部牙齿从事啃咬、叼衔、或剥离坚韧的食物或非食物物品等活动,并可能将前部牙齿作为工具使用;齿间邻接面沟提示当时人类经常从事剔牙活动。结合已经在黄龙洞发现的其他人类活动证据,我们认为当时人类可能从事狩猎活动,食物构成中包含有较多的肉类及粗纤维植物。The use marks on human teeth are produced by the nonmasticatory utilization of teeth and other activities to obtain and process food, and some activities are related to the behavior. They thus can reflect various cultures of prehistory humans, recording information of living environment, food composition, way to get food, behavior and habits. In 2004 a new Late Pleistocene human fossil site named Huanglong Cave was discovered in Yunxi County, Hubei Province. The three excavations from 2004 to 2006 unearthed seven human teeth, evidence of fire use by humans, stone tools and other evidence of human activities. Preliminary studies indicate that the age of the human fossils is around 100ka. The discoveries are very important for the studies of Late Pleistocene human evolution and modern human origin in China. In the present study, the tooth use marks of the seven human teeth found in Huanglong Cave were observed,and further analyzed with the human behavior and environmental adaptations. Our observations reveal three kinds of use marks on the anterior teeth from the Huanglong Cave. They are enamel damage and chipping, cut marks on the crown labial surface,and interproximal grooves. （1） The enamel damage and chipping： They were identified in the incisal edge and adjacent regions of the upper incisor, upper lateral incisor and lower lateral incisor. The surface of the damage and chipping are very rugged and rough which seems to be caused by gnawing hard materials（ like bones）or using the teeth as tools. It＇s worth noticing that all the enamel damage and chippings occurred in the anterior teeth. Such a distribution fits with the behavior using the anterior teeth for gnawing. Moreover,the enamel damage and chippings mainly appear in the lingual and buccal surface of crown closer to the incisal edge or near the corner regions of the incisal edge,which should be caused by the activities using the anterior teeth peeling the meat attached to bones or peeling some plant shell. （2） The interproximal grooves�

关 键 词：牙齿使用痕迹 牙齿崩裂 人类行为 剔牙 黄龙洞 

分 类 号：P534.631[天文地球—第四纪地质学] Q981[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]