辽宁海城小孤山新石器时代人类头骨研究  

THE NEOLITHIC HUMAN SKULL FROM XIAOGUSHAN,HAICHENG,LIAONING

作　　者：吴秀杰[1,2] 傅仁义 黄慰文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院人类演化与环境动因实验室,北京100044 [3]辽宁省博物馆,沈阳110031

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2008年第6期1081-1089,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40772018);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-106);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(批准号:2006CB806400)资助

摘　　要：辽宁海城小孤山遗址是我国北方地区重要的更新世末期-全新世人类遗址,记载着从更新世末期到全新世人类的体质及文化特征的演化历史。对1983年在此遗址发现的距今约5000年左右的、新石器时代晚期的人类头骨进行了研究,该头骨是迄今在辽宁地区发现的惟一较为完整的新石器人类遗骸,为探索早期人类体质特征的变异提供了重要的研究材料。研究显示,小孤山人类遗骸为30岁左右的男性个体。通过与更新世晚期、新石器时代及青铜铁器时代人类头骨的比较,发现小孤山人具有蒙古人种的形态特点,大部分特征与现代人相同,少数特征如颅长和颅容量,位于现代人变异范围的上限,而与更新世晚期人类接近。小孤山人非常低矮的上面部和鼻部,使其具有独特的头骨形态特点而差异于其他全新世头骨。15组头骨样本的主成分分析结果显示,新石器时代人类体质特征的变异非常大,难以将小孤山人的体质类型归入南方或北方类型,提示有必要对我国古代人类体质特征的分型问题作进一步探讨。Xiaogushan,from Haicheng, Liaoning Province,is one of the most important Late Pleistocene-Holocene sites in Northern China. Xiaogushan represents a continuous cultural record from the Paleolithic to Neolithic. Here, we present an analysis of the human skull which was excavated from the Late Pleistocene deposit in 1983. AMS ^14C dating on the human skeleton sample suggests that the age of the skull is estimated to be about 5000aB. P., assigned to the Late Neolithic. This specimen represents the only relatively complete Neolithic human skull currently identified in Liaoning Province; thus, it is important materials for the analysis of Holocene human craniofacial variation in the region. The Xiaogushan skull is deposited at the Liaoning Provincial Museum. Adult male skulls from the following 14 sites dated as Late Paleolithic, Neolithic,and Bronze Age are used for comparative study： Liujiang（Late Paleolithic Age from Liujiang, Guangxi） , Upper cave 101 （ Late Paleolithic Age from Zhoukoudian, Beijing） , Shigu （ Early Neolithic Age from Changge, Henan ）, Zhenpiyan （7500-9000aB. P. from Guilin, Guangxi ）, Hemudu （7000aB. P. from Yutao, Zhejiang） , Liuzizhen （ 5700 - 7100aB. P. from Huaxian, Shaanxi ） , Jiangjialiang （ 5700 7100aB. P. from Yangyuan, Hebei ） , Xixiahou （4300 - 6500aB. P. from Qupu, Shandong ） , Miaozigou （5000 - 5500aB. P. from Chayouqianqi, Inner Mongolia） , Yuchisi （ 4500 - 4800aB. P. from Mengcheng, Anhui ） , Zaimao （4100 - 4800aB. P. from Shenmu, Shaanxi ） , Liuwan （4000 - 4500aB. P. from Yuedu, Qinghai） , Pinganbao （ Bronze Age from Zhangwu, Liaoning）and Guanmashan （Bronze Age from Jiutai, Jilin）. 15 linear measures and 7 indices were taken for the analysis. The fifteen measurements are cranial length, cranial breadth,auricular height, minimum frontal breadth, upper facial height, bizygomatic breadth, frontal chord, parietal chord, occipital chord, orbital height, orbital breadth, nasal breadth, nasal height, palatal breadth and palatal

关 键 词：小孤山遗址 人类头骨 新石器时代 体质特征 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]