催化裂化装置沉降器内结焦形成过程的因素分析  

INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING COKE FORMATION PROCESS IN FCC DISENGAGER

作　　者：邢颖春[1] 宋健斐[1] 魏耀东[1] 卢春喜[1] 徐春明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2008年第6期702-708,共7页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”项目(2004CB217803)资助

摘　　要：在催化裂化工艺中,根据结焦的产生方式可分为催化焦、附加焦、可汽提焦和污染焦。催化裂化装置沉降器内器壁上的结焦主要属于附加焦,是由油气中的液相组分黏附在器壁表面上发生缩合反应产生的。这些结焦是催化裂化工艺总生焦量的很小一部分,但至今仍是影响重油催化裂化装置长期运行的重要因素。其形成过程经历了黏附、固化和增长3个阶段,与环境温度、油气成分、停留时间和流动状态等因素有关。环境温度低,油气中重组分达到露点冷凝为液相的几率大,液滴浓度较高,沉积在器壁上的机会增多;沉积液滴停留时间长,发生缩合反应固化形成结焦的几率大;油气的流动状态影响油气液滴和催化剂颗粒向器壁的沉积形式,进而影响结焦的增长过程。防结焦技术的开发应以减少附加焦和抑制重油液滴长时间滞留在沉降器器壁上为基本点。The factors influencing the coke formation in FCC disengager were analyzed. The coke formed in FCC process can be divided four types according to their formation mode. The coke on the inner wall of disengager mainly belongs to the addition coke, which is formed from liquid phase in the oil gas of heavy oil by the condensation reactions. Although the amount of this coke adhered on the disengager wall is only a small part of total produced coke, it still is an important factor to effect the running of FCC unit. During the FCC process the heavy oil exists in the form of the oil droplets. These droplets are first deposited on the wall and then solidified to convert into coke by the condensation reactions. Furthermore, the coke increases gradually and forms coke blocks. The coke formation is related to temperature, the composition, residence time and flowing state of oil gas and so on. Low temperature and long residence time of oil gas bring more oil droplets, which makes the probability of coke depositing on the wall increase. The oil gas flow state is one of key factors that the catalyst particles and oil droplets deposit on the wall. The oil gas flow state controls the features of coke and expanding of coke. So reducing the amount of addition coke and preventing catalyst particles and the oil droplets from depositing on the disengager wall are the base measures for solving coke problem.

关 键 词：催化裂化 沉降器 结焦 因素 分析 

分 类 号：TE624.4[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]