互花米草对福建泉州湾海岸湿地沉积环境影响  

Impact of Spartina alterniflora on sedimentary environment of coastal wetlands of the Quanzhou Bay

作　　者：王爱军[1,2] 陈坚[2] 李东义[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210093 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋与海岸地质环境开放实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋工程》2008年第4期60-69,共10页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(D0510025);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40606012);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所所长基金资助项目(科06005)

摘　　要：泉州湾淤泥质海岸湿地分布广泛,互花米草分布面积较大。利用小型电磁式流速仪进行流速观测,结果显示,水流由光滩湿地进入互花米草湿地后速度迅速减小,但随着互花米草带宽度地增加,减小程度逐渐变小且不显著。利用PVC管采集短柱状样并现场以一定间隔分样,进行粒度分析、TOC和TN分析及重金属分析结果显示,光滩湿地沉积物颗粒较粗,互花米草湿地边缘沉积物颗粒粗细均有且分选较差,密集互花米草湿地内沉积物粒径较细且分选较好,红树林湿地内沉积物颗粒最细且分选最好;稀疏互花米草湿地作为盐沼发育演化的青年阶段,对C、N具有很强的富集能力,红树林则对C、N的富集能力最弱,人类的排污活动增加了海岸湿地沉积物中的TOC含量;互花米草的存在拦截和吸附了陆源污染物,并使重金属富集在互花米草湿地沉积物中。Coastal wetlands of the Quanzhou Bay are distributed extensively, and the area of Spartina alterniflora is very large. The results of velocity observation by miniature Electromagnetic Current Meters show that the cunent velocity decreases rapidly while the water moves into the Spartina alterniflora marsh, but with the increasing of vegetation width, the retardation effect of vegetation on current velocity is not remarkable. Analytic results of sediment grain size using a laser particle anayzer show that the sediment in bare flat is the coarsest, and the sediment in Spartina alterniflora marsh edge is coarser and worse sort than that in dense Spartina altemiflora marsh, and the sediment in mangrove marsh is the finest and best sort. Geochemistry analysis hows that at the young stage during the coastal marsh evolution, coastal wetlands covered by sparse Spartina aherniflora strongly enrich carbon and nitrogen, while the enrichment function of mangrove marsh on earl）on and nitrogen is very weak; the sewage discharge due to human activities can increase the total organic carbon content of sediment in coastal wetlands; Spartina al- terniflora can hold back and adsorb the terestrial contaminants, and enrich the heavy metals on sediments around the vegetation roots.

关 键 词：海岸湿地 互花米草 沉积物粒度 流速 泉州湾 

分 类 号：P736.21[天文地球—海洋地质]