桑美台风灾害对幸存者心理影响的定性研究  

Qualitative Research of Survivors' Cognition and Psychological Problems after Saomai Typhoon

作　　者：姜丽萍[1,2] 姚岚[1] 王玉玲[2] 王一婷[2] 金伟琼[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学医药卫生管理学院,武汉430030 [2]温州医学院护理学院,浙江325035

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2008年第12期929-933,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：温州市科技局(R20060034);浙江省卫生厅(Y20081580)

摘　　要：目的:探讨台风灾害对幸存者认知及心理行为的影响,为灾害幸存者心理救助提供依据。方法:以2006年8月超强台风"桑美"袭击的浙江苍南2个自然村为案例,在208名调查对象中,对9位经历超强台风的幸存者运用立意取样和个体深入专题访谈的方法进行,采用现场录音、问卷等方法进行资料收集和整理分析。结果:在强台风灾害中,灾民的认知、情感以及行为体验发生显著变化,主要表现为:①灾民的需要结构变化,在需要内容、需要数量和质量方面明显降低,并且需求趋向一致的现象;②在情感体验方面出现负性情绪和负性认知,发生创伤后应激障碍和"闪回"现象;③对社会支持系统表示强烈渴望,出现人际交往的"共同经验区"。结论:台风等自然灾害对灾民影响是巨大的,不仅在物质上,而且带来一定的心理和精神伤害。因此,要充分重视灾民的心理健康问题,将其干预措施纳入到政策层面,采取合理、科学的灾后救助方法。Objective： To explore the influences on recognition and psychiatric problems of survivors after the Saomai Typhoon struck in rural Zhejiang province. Methods： A total of 208 survivors were assessed and 9 of them were selected through the further interviews and focus group discussions. The phenomenon logical analysis method was used to describe and categorize the traumatic stress symptoms after the huge typhoon. Results： After the experience of the disaster, survivors＇ cognition, affection, and behavior were changed significantly. It was showed that the structures of their life demands were changed. After Typhoon disaster, the life demands level in contents, quantities and qualities decreased and the tendencies were consistent. Another characteristic was that survivors suffered from the psychological trauma. They experienced the post disaster psychiatric symptoms such as PTSD and flashbacks of the trauma. The common experienced communication occurred among the survivors. They were long for the perceivable social and government support system. Conclusion： The results suggeit that people experienced disaster suffers from psychiatry problems. It is necessary to broaden the conceptualization of post disaster stress responding, as well as to establish disaster psychiatry and related mental health activities in the region.

关 键 词：台风 灾害 心理 定性研究 

分 类 号：B845.67[哲学宗教—心理学]