环境与生命矿物学的科学内涵与研究方法  

On the connotation and methodology of environmental-biological mineralogy.

作　　者：李胜荣[1] 许虹[1] 申俊峰[1] 李国武[1] 张秀宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2008年第6期1-10,共10页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2007CB815604);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07011);中国地质大学矿物岩石材料国家专业实验室开放基金项目(6004)

摘　　要：环境与生命矿物学是矿物学、环境科学与生命科学之间的交叉学科,是成因矿物学在生命领域的拓展和延伸,是地球系统科学的重要组成部分。生命起源的矿物表征和矿物作用;极端环境下的生物多样性及生物与矿物的关系;生物体的矿物组成、作用、宏微观形貌和自组装结构;生命矿物成核、生长和自组装过程的有机质调控及其响应环境变化的标型特征;生物矿化的过程、机理及其资源环境效应;矿物(含药用矿物)在生命活动中的作用、过程与机理及其开发利用,是环境与生命矿物学的主要研究内容。生命矿物有其自身的特点,选择用于环境及其变迁研究的生命矿物时,应遵循"贯通性"、"灵敏性"、"统计性"和"周期性"等四原则。根据生命矿物进行环境分析研究时,要注意甄别影响矿物学特征变化的环境要素;既要善于利用较便捷成熟的成因矿物学研究手段和方法(如热发光,简称TL),还要充分利用其他学科中的技术(如计算体层摄影术,简称CT),创造性地开发生命矿物学的环境标型。Environmental-biological mineralogy is an interdisciplinary branch related with mineralogy, environmental science and life science. It is the extension of genetic mineralogy into the domain of life, being an important part of the systematic science of the earth. The main research field of environmental-biological mineralogy includes the following aspects： the mineralogical expression of life origin and the function of minerals in the emergence of life; the biological diversity and relationship between the organisms and minerals under extreme environment; the mineral composition in organisms and the function, macro-and micro-crystal forms and self-assembled hierarchical structures of biominerals; the nucleation, growth and self-assemble processes for biomineral and the organic controlling; the environmental typomorphism of biominerals;the processes, mechanism and resources-environment effect of biomineralization; the function, process and mechanism of minerals in life activities and their development and utilization. Biominerals have their own characteristics, and the selection of biominerals for environmental study should comply with the following four principles： ＂run-through＂, ＂sensitive＂, with ＂periodic zone structure＂ and enough samples for ＂statistical＂analysis. The environmental factors leading to the variation of mineralogical features should be recognized by using such methods as ＂correlation analysis＂, ＂factor analysis＂ and ＂clustering analysis＂. In environmental study, not only the frequently used genetic mineralogical theories and methods （such as the thermoluminescence technique）,but also those of the other disciplines （especially life science, such as the computed tomography） can be utilized for developing the new biomineral environment indexes.

关 键 词：成因矿物学 环境科学 生命科学 交叉学科 新方法 

分 类 号：P517[天文地球—地质学]