土石坝溃决模拟及水流计算研究进展  

Development in embankment dam break simulation and water flow simulation

作　　者：陈生水[1] 钟启明[1] 陶建基 

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [2]浙江省防汛抗旱指挥部,浙江杭州310009

出　　处：《水科学进展》2008年第6期903-910,共8页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2007CB714103)~~

摘　　要：对土石坝溃决模拟技术的最新研究成果进行了总结和评价,在此基础上对该研究领域今后的研究工作提出了若干建议,包括:应研究提出不同坝型溃决可能性分析评价方法;针对不同坝型开展溃坝离心模型试验,揭示在不同致灾因子作用下,土石坝溃决机理和溃口发展过程;开展土石坝初始管涌形成以后发展过程的试验研究,揭示孔流转变为堰流的控制条件;针对溃坝水流的流线曲率较大、溃坝水流大多是非恒定超临界流以及筑坝材料粒径级配范围变化大等特点,开展大型溃坝水工水力学模型试验,揭示不同坝型的溃口流量过程、泥沙输移及下游河道洪水演进规律。This article summarizes and evaluates the updated research on the breaching simulation technology of embankment dams, and puts forward some proposals for future research in this regard, including the analysis and evaluation approaches to the possibility of dam breach of various dam types, the undertaking of the centrifugal model experiments on the dam breach of different types, the focus on the failure mechanism and the process of breach development due to different hazard factors, and the experimental studies carried out on the piping development process so as to open out changing flow transition from orifice to weir. Since the streamline curvature of the dam-breaching flow is steep, the flow is mostly uhra-eritically unsteady and the gradation range of the grain size of the dam building material is quite wide, etc. The large-scale hydraulic model experiments on dam breach should be conducted out, and for different dam types, the in-depth studies should be done also on the breach outflow process, the sediment transport and the flood evolvement at the downstream river course.

关 键 词：土石坝 溃决机理 模拟技术 研究进展 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV133.2