湖北省主要造林树种冰雪灾害调查  

Investigation on the Frozen Snow Damage of Main Afforestation Tree Species in Hubei Province

作　　者：汤景明[1] 宋丛文[1] 戴均华[1] 刘恒贵[2] 郑孝严[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430079 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院咸宁竹类研究所,咸宁437100 [3]湖北省林业科学研究院鹤峰药材研究所,鹤峰445800

出　　处：《林业科学》2008年第11期2-10,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：湖北省林业重点科研项目(2006KJ07)

摘　　要：2008年2—3月,采用典型取样法,设置20m×20m的方形样地,对湖北省受灾较重的鄂东南和鄂西南地区的主要造林树种冰雪灾害进行调查。结果表明:1)鄂西南林木的受害率、受害级和受害指数分别比鄂东南高2.0%、12.0%和12.1%。2)鄂东南常绿树种受害率、受害级和受害指数分别比落叶树种高177.0%、260.0%、117.2%,而鄂西南常绿树种比落叶树种分别低23.4%、33.0%、33.0%。3)针叶树种的受害率、受害级和受害指数分别比阔叶树种高14.7%、46.7%、48.2%。4)引进树种的受害率、受害级和受害指数分别比乡土树种高54.4%、95.5%、92.6%。5)林分结构对林木冰雪灾害有重要影响。林分密度过大或过低均会使林木受灾程度加重,纯林比混交林受灾严重。7)地形因子直接影响着林木灾害发生程度,并表现出高海拔比低海拔严重,北坡比南坡严重,上坡比下坡严重,陡坡比缓坡严重。8)科学的经营管理措施如及时的抚育间伐和合理施肥等有利于减轻林木冰雪灾害。建议:进一步开展主要造林树种冰雪灾害发生机制和风险评估研究;重视优良乡土树种,慎重引进外来树种,但不能轻易放弃日本落叶松和柳杉这2个引进树种;贯彻适地适树原则,做到科学造林育林;注重培育近自然混交林;对天然林进行必要的抚育性间伐。The frozen snow damage of main afforestation tree species in southeastern and southwestern Hubei from February to March in 2008 was investigated with a sampling method in typical plots,that was set up 20 m×20 m square.The results showed：1）Damage rate,damage grade and damage index of forest trees in southwest Hubei was respectively 2.0%,12.0%,12.1% higher than that of forest trees in southeast Hubei.2）Damage rate,damage grade and damage index of evergreen tree species was respectively 177.0%,260.0%,117.2% higher than that of deciduous tree species in southeast Hubei,whereas that of evergreen tree species was respectively 23.4%,33.0%,33.0% lower than that of deciduous tree species in southwest Hubei.3）Damage rate,damage grade and damage index of coniferous tree species was respectively 14.7%,46.7%,48.2% higher than that of broadleaved tree species in Hubei.4）Damage rate,damage grade and damage index of introduced tree species was respectively 54.4%,95.5%,92.6% higher than that of native tree species in Hubei.5）Stand structure had an important effect on the frozen snow damage of forest trees.Both too high and too low stand densities could make the frozen snow damage of the trees more serious,and damage extent of pure forests was more serious than that of mixed forests.6）Topographic factors had directly influence on damage extent of the frozen snow damage of forest trees,and their damage extent showed：high altitude〉low altitude,north facing slope〉south facing slope,upper slope〉lower slope,steep slope〉gentle slope.7）Scientific management,for example timely tending thinning and applying fertilizer,was beneficial to lighten the frozen snow damage of forest trees.Therefore,we suggest to take the following measures：further study mechanism and evaluate risk of the frozn snow damage of main afforestation tree species;pay more attention to superior native tree species,prudently introduce exotic tree species,but do not easily abandon the exotic Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria fortunei;carry out th

关 键 词：造林树种 冰雪灾害 湖北 

分 类 号：S761.3[农业科学—森林保护学] S718.51[农业科学—林学]