安徽省蚌埠地区0～5岁儿童出生缺陷调查及对策研究  

Survey and Strategy Study of Birth Defects among Children Aged 0-5 in Bengbu Region of Anhui Province

作　　者：陈雪芹[1] 周纯先[2] 姬梅田 赵佑文 孟灿[4] 杨兴华 芈静[2] 赵献文 冯建兵 田颖 王素红 李永兰 范宝玲 胡良琼 黄鹰 王培培 周化田 

机构地区：[1]安徽省蚌埠市计划生育服务站,233000 [2]安徽省蚌埠医学院预防医学系,233030 [3]安徽省蚌埠市人口和计划生育委员会 [4]复旦大学公共卫生学院 [5]安徽省蚌埠市五河县计划生育服务站 [6]安徽省蚌埠市固镇县计划生育服务站 [7]安徽省蚌埠市怀远县人口和计划生育委员会 [8]安徽省蚌埠市怀远县计划生育服务站 [9]安徽省蚌埠市淮上区计划生育服务站 [10]安徽省蚌埠市龙子湖区人口和计划生育委员会 [11]安徽省蚌埠市蚌山区人口和计划生育委员会 [12]安徽省蚌埠市禹会区人口和计划生育委员会 [13]安徽省蚌埠市新城开发区人口和计划生育委员会

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2008年第12期736-738,共3页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

基　　金：安徽省2005年度人口和计划生育科研课题项目(项目编号:05-02);蚌埠市2005年应用技术研与开发专项资金科技计划项目(项目编号:蚌科05-18)

摘　　要：目的:调查研究蚌埠地区0～5岁儿童出生缺陷的发生水平,分析出生缺陷的分布、危险因素和流行病学特征,为政府提供制订出生缺陷干预措施和对策的依据。方法:选用现况调查的流行病学方法,整群随机抽取蚌埠地区3县5区102个样本点,2001年7月1日0时～2006年6月30日24时出生的婴幼儿,包括在此期间的死胎、死产、出生死亡及病理性引流产等进行全面回顾性调查研究。结果:调查地区出生缺陷发病率为52.88‰;发生出生缺陷前5位的为血管瘤、先天性心脏病、先天性脑积水、色素痣、副耳畸形;出生缺陷有逐年上升的趋势;家庭环境有化工污染出生缺陷发生率明显高于无化工污染(P<0.01);男孩的出生缺陷发生率明显高于女孩(P<0.01);生育年龄25～29岁出生缺陷发生率最低,而<25岁或>35岁的出生缺陷发生率较高;农村出生缺陷发生率明显高于城市(P<0.01)。结论:本地区出生缺陷的分布特点是农村高于城市,男孩高于女孩。家庭环境有化工污染、孕产妇年龄等是出生缺陷发生的危险因素。Objective：To study the prevalence of birth defects among children aged 0-5 in Bengbu Region,analyze the distribution,risk factors and epidemiological features of birth defects,and provide birth defects intervention measures and strategies for government.Methods：Cross-sectional investigation of epidemiology was adopted.102 points were selected at cluster random from 3 counties and 5 districts of Bengbu,and all infants born from 0：00 on July 1,2001 to 24：00 on June 30,2006,were enrolled in this study,including dead foetus,stillbirths,pathological artificial labor and abortion,and so on.All data were analyzed with comprehensive retrospective study.Results：The average incidence of birth defects was 5.288% in these areas.The top 5 of birth defects incidences were hemangioma,congenital heart disease,congenital hydrocephalus,pigmented nevus,and accessory auricle deformities,respectively.The occurrence of birth defects showed a rising trend year by year.The birth defects incidence in family environment with chemical pollution was significantly higher than those without chemical pollution（P〈0.01）;the birth defects incidence among boys was significantly higher than that of girls（P〈0.01）;the lowest incidence existed at the reproductive age during 25-29 years old,while the age 〈25 or 〉35,the birth defects incidences were relatively high;and the birth defects incidence of rural areas was significantly higher than that of cities（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The birth defects incidence of rural areas is higher than cities,boys than girls.Family environment with chemical pollution and the age of pregnant women are risk factors of birth defects.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 流行病学 发生率 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]