海南省7岁以下儿童乙肝表面抗原携带状况调查  

Sero-epidemiological survey of child immunization of Hepatitis B vaccine populations in Hainan Province

作　　者：孙莲英[1] 曾雪霞[1] 符振旺[1] 何剑[1] 潘婷婷[1] 阎秀娟[1] 李俊[1] 李位红[1] 钟永[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2009年第1期21-22,38,共3页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省2007年自然科学基金项目(30728)

摘　　要：目的了解海南省7岁以下儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)表面抗原携带现状,评价乙肝疫苗(HepB)纳入儿童计划免疫后效果。方法用组群抽样(PPS)和机械抽样法调查1～7岁儿童并采静脉血,用ELISA法检测血中HBsAg。结果在全省18个市县抽查乡镇所辖村166个、25所小学,1305名儿童,结果表明海南省2003年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫实行免费接种后出生儿童,HBsAg携带率为1.4%,较2003年前出生儿童6.5%,下降了5.1个百分点。2003年后出生儿童乙肝首针及时接种率、全程接种率达到89.7%、100%,分别较2003年前出生儿童提高了44个和28个百分点。及时和全程接种了乙肝疫苗儿童HBsAg携带率均低于没有及时和全程接种的儿童。2003年前出生儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率、全程接种率都随着地区经济水平不同而不同,2003年后出生儿童乙肝疫苗的首针及时接种率、全程接种率和HBsAg携带率无地域差异。本次调查的2003年以后出生的儿童中有9名为HBsAg阳性,9名儿童母亲100%为乙肝病毒携带者,66.7%母亲为"大三阳",乙肝母婴阻断率为91.5%。结论乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后所取得的成果显著,有效保护了新生儿,阻断了母婴传播,提高了乙肝免疫率,降低了7岁以下儿童HBsAg携带率。Objective To understand the current infectious status of hepatitis B virus in childen of Hainan Province and evaluate the effect of immunization with hepatitis B vaccine after implementation of the Expanded Programme on Immunization （EPI）. Methods The PPS sampling method was use to investigate the target children; The ELISA method was used to detect HBsAg and HBsAb. Results A total of 1305 children in 25 primary shools of 166 villages were surveyed and HBsAg carrying rates were 6.5% and 1.4% in children born before 2003 and born after popularization of vaccination in 2003, a drop of 5.1%. The rates of first and timely immunization and full course vaccination in children bern after 2003 varied along with the variations of regional economic levels being 89.7% and 100%, an increase of 44% and 28% compared to that berne before 2003, respectively. Showing a significant difference（x^2=-15.66, P〈0.005）.There were 9 HBsAg carrying chidren born afer 2003 and all their mothers were hepaitis B virus carriers. Conclusion Significnant achievements have be obtained since the coverage of haptitis B vaccine by children immunization pragram in Hainan Proviince to have effectively protectied the newborns, interrupted the transmission from omthers to babies （fetus） and reduced the HbsAg carrying rate in children under age of 7 years.

关 键 词：儿童 乙肝疫苗 血清 流行病学 

分 类 号：R373.21[医药卫生—病原生物学]